How to format your references using the The Annals of Pharmacotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pachauri RK. India pushes for common responsibility. Nature. 2009;461(7267):1054.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gunnarsson O, Han JE. The mean free path for electron conduction in metallic fullerenes. Nature. 2000;405(6790):1027-1030.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith DK, Cann JR, Escartín J. Widespread active detachment faulting and core complex formation near 13 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nature. 2006;442(7101):440-443.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Koehl MA, Koseff JR, Crimaldi JP, et al. Lobster sniffing: antennule design and hydrodynamic filtering of information in an odor plume. Science. 2001;294(5548):1948-1951.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Römer H. Theoretical Optics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2004.

An edited book

Faucher C, Jain LC, eds. Innovations in Intelligent Machines-4: Recent Advances in Knowledge Engineering. Vol 514. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Moriyama K, Matsumoto M, Fukui KI, Kurihara S, Numao M. Reinforcement Learning on a Futures Market Simulator. In: Nguyen NT, Grzech A, Howlett RJ, Jain LC, eds. Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications: First KES International Symposium, KES-AMSTA 2007, Wroclaw, Poland, May 31– June 1, 2007. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2007:42-52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Pharmacotherapy.

Blog post

Carpineti A. UK Artists and Scientists Launch Space Junk Awareness Project. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Challenges of Protecting Personal Information in an Expanding Federal Computer Network Environment. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tasoff AJ. Quantifying the Genetic Capacity of California Grunion (Leuresthes Tenuis) to Adapt to Ocean Acidification. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McFADDEN RD. Gabe Pressman, 93, Dean Of New York News, Dies. New York Times. June 23, 2017:D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Abbreviation	Ann. Pharmacother.
ISSN (print)	1060-0280
ISSN (online)	1542-6270
Scope	Pharmacology (medical)