How to format your references using the The Annals of Pharmacotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerr RA. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING: Geologists Pursue Solar System’s Oldest Relics. Science. 2000;290(5500):2239-2242.

A journal article with 2 authors

Freeman MP, Watkins NW. Auroral and space physics. The heavens in a pile of sand. Science. 2002;298(5595):979-980.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nandy D, Muñoz-Jaramillo A, Martens PCH. The unusual minimum of sunspot cycle 23 caused by meridional plasma flow variations. Nature. 2011;471(7336):80-82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Seila AC, Calabrese JM, Levine SS, et al. Divergent transcription from active promoters. Science. 2008;322(5909):1849-1851.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duffy DJ. Introduction to C++ for Financial Engineers. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Itenberg I. Tropical Algebraic Geometry. Vol 35. (Mikhalkin G, Shustin E, eds.). Birkhäuser; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Hölscher H, Ebeling D, Schwarz UD. Q-controlled Dynamic Force Microscopy in Air and Liquids. In: Bhushan B, Kawata S, Fuchs H, eds. Applied Scanning Probe Methods V: Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques. NanoScience and Technology. Springer; 2007:75-97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Pharmacotherapy.

Blog post

Fang J. This Gene Gave Mosquitoes The Taste For Human Blood. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Within-School Discrimination: Inadequate Title VI Enforcement by Education’s Office for Civil Rights. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roy R. “Jagoron: Awakening” to Gender in Non Governmental Organizations in Contemporary Bengal. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. In the Pool, Autism Is No Barrier to Winning. New York Times. July 6, 2017:C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Abbreviation	Ann. Pharmacother.
ISSN (print)	1060-0280
ISSN (online)	1542-6270
Scope	Pharmacology (medical)