How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman T. Easing the strain. Nature 2003;425:869.

A journal article with 2 authors

Helbing D, Pournaras E. Society: Build digital democracy. Nature 2015;527:33–34.

A journal article with 3 authors

McSween HY Jr, Taylor GJ, Wyatt MB. Elemental composition of the Martian crust. Science 2009;324:736–739.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Korzhnev DM, Salvatella X, Vendruscolo M, Di Nardo AA, Davidson AR, Dobson CM, Kay LE. Low-populated folding intermediates of Fyn SH3 characterized by relaxation dispersion NMR. Nature 2004;430:586–590.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. Energy Materials 2014. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Traverso G. Homomorphic Signature Schemes: A Survey. Demirel D, Buchmann J, eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Beliakov G. Optimization and Aggregation Functions. In: Lodwick WA, Kacprzyk J, eds. Fuzzy Optimization: Recent Advances and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p77–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Fast Are You Moving Through The Universe? IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Scientific Research: Continued Vigilance Critical to Protecting Human Subjects

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Radcliffe ML. Random Graphs with Attribute Affinity

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. The Sport of Struggle. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Research
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
Scope	Physiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Physiology (medical)

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