How to format your references using the The Annals of Applied Probability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Applied Probability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cardinale, B. J. (2011). Biodiversity improves water quality through niche partitioning. Nature 472 86–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lee, J.-H. and Paull, T. T. (2004). Direct activation of the ATM protein kinase by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. Science 304 93–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Xing, M., Li, X. and Zhang, J. (2014). Synergistic effect on the visible light activity of Ti3+ doped TiO2 nanorods/boron doped graphene composite. Sci. Rep. 4 5493.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Evan, A. T., Vimont, D. J., Heidinger, A. K., Kossin, J. P. and Bennartz, R. (2009). The role of aerosols in the evolution of tropical North Atlantic Ocean temperature anomalies. Science 324 778–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Parker, J. S. and Anderson, R. L. (2014). Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

[1]

Wilbanks, T. J. and Fernandez, S. (2014). Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, Washington, DC.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Shimomura, Y., Watanabe, K., Akasaka, F. and Kimita, K. (2011). Fan Out of Japanese Service Engineering - the State of the Art -. In Functional Thinking for Value Creation: Proceedings of the 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, May 5th - 6th, 2011 (J. Hesselbach and C. Herrmann, ed) pp 15–20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Applied Probability.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew, D. (2016). How We Discovered A Possible Link Between Car Exhausts And Alzheimer’s.IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-we-discovered-a-possible-link-between-car-exhausts-and-alzheimers/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Test and Evaluation: Description of Projects in DOD’s Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Washington, S. (2010). Counseling students ability to diagnose Asperger’s Syndrome. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario, B. (2016). Streisand’s ‘Encore’ Tops Album Chart. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Applied Probability
ISSN (print)	1050-5164
ISSN (online)	2168-8737
Scope