How to format your references using the International Journal of Technology and Design Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Technology and Design Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott, A. (2000). Space-station airlock to serve as temporary lab. Nature, 405(6782), 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kroymann, J., & Mitchell-Olds, T. (2005). Epistasis and balanced polymorphism influencing complex trait variation. Nature, 435(7038), 95–98.

A journal article with 3 authors

Loudet, J. C., Barois, P., & Poulin, P. (2000). Colloidal ordering from phase separation in a liquid-crystalline continuous phase. Nature, 407(6804), 611–613.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, X., An, L., Chen, X., Zhang, N., Xia, D., Huang, W., et al. (2013). Durability enhancement of intermetallics electrocatalysts via N-anchor effect for fuel cells. Scientific reports, 3, 3234.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

De Vos, A. (2010). Reversible Computing. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Ben-Arieh, A., Casas, F., Frønes, I., & Korbin, J. E. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of Child Well-Being: Theories, Methods and Policies in Global Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Kliučininkas, L., Račys, V., Radžiūnienė, I., & Jankūnaitė, D. (2015). Collective Versus Household Iron Removal from Groundwater at Villages in Lithuania. In W. Leal Filho & V. Sümer (Eds.), Sustainable Water Use and Management: Examples of New Approaches and Perspectives (pp. 91–102). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, March 3). New Membrane Keeps Your Heart Beating. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-membrane-keeps-your-heart-beating/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). B-2 Bomber: Acquisition Cost Estimates (No. NSIAD-93-48BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Packman, T. (2017). The Effects of Eccentricity on Rectangular Hollow Structural Section Stress in Moment Connections Loaded Out-of-Plane (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, T. (1996, November 6). High-Tech Fraternity. New York Times, p. B21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott 2000; Kroymann and Mitchell-Olds 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kroymann and Mitchell-Olds 2005)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Technology and Design Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0957-7572
ISSN (online)	1573-1804
Scope	General Engineering Education