How to format your references using the International Journal of Technology and Design Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Technology and Design Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2001). US structural genomics effort needs physicists for success. Nature, 410(6829), 723–724.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tomita, K., & Weiner, A. M. (2001). Collaboration between CC- and A-adding enzymes to build and repair the 3’-terminal CCA of tRNA in Aquifex aeolicus. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5545), 1334–1336.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaczmarczyk, A., Vorholt, J. A., & Francez-Charlot, A. (2014). Synthetic vanillate-regulated promoter for graded gene expression in Sphingomonas. Scientific reports, 4, 6453.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Leinders-Zufall, T., Lane, A. P., Puche, A. C., Ma, W., Novotny, M. V., Shipley, M. T., & Zufall, F. (2000). Ultrasensitive pheromone detection by mammalian vomeronasal neurons. Nature, 405(6788), 792–796.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Larose, D. T. (2005). Data Mining Methods and Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bähr, M. (Ed.). (2006). Brain Repair (Vol. 557). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Yairi, I. E., Kayama, K., & Igi, S. (2007). Robotic Communication Terminals as a Ubiquitous System for Improving Human Mobility by Making Environment Virtually Barrier-Free. In A. Sakurai, K. Hasida, & K. Nitta (Eds.), New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence: JSAI 2003 and JSAI 2004 Conferences and Workshops, Niigata, Japan, June 23-27, 2003 and Kanazawa, Japan, May 31 - June 4, 2004, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 61–75). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 9). New Gadget Can Turn Any HDTV Into A Desktop Computer. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/intel-s-new-gadget-turns-any-hdtv-desktop-computer/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1974). Activities of the National Institute of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (No. B-164031(1)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Graves, K. A. (2012). An Exploration of Organizational Commitment among Generation X Leaders (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2003, January 29). World Briefing | Europe: Ukraine: Border Accord With Russia. New York Times, p. A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2001; Tomita and Weiner 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tomita and Weiner 2001)
Three or more authors: (Leinders-Zufall et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Technology and Design Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0957-7572
ISSN (online)	1573-1804
Scope	General Engineering Education

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