How to format your references using the The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keenan TF. Phenology: Spring greening in a warming world. Nature. 2015;526(7571):48-49.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frégnac Y, Laurent G. Neuroscience: Where is the brain in the Human Brain Project? Nature. 2014;513(7516):27-29.

A journal article with 3 authors

Unniraman S, Fugmann SD, Schatz DG. Immunology. UNGstoppable switching. Science. 2004;305(5687):1113-1114.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Bellamy PH, Loveland PJ, Bradley RI, Lark RM, Kirk GJD. Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978-2003. Nature. 2005;437(7056):245-248.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pesavento L, Smoleny S. A Trader’s Guide to Financial Astrology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Carey FA. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Part A: Structure and Mechanisms. 5th ed. (Sundberg RJ, ed.). Springer US; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Berg RH, Fester T, Taylor CG. Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Feeding Cell. In: Berg RH, Taylor CG, eds. Cell Biology of Plant Nematode Parasitism. Plant Cell Monographs. Springer; 2009:115-152.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Blog post

Andrew E. Early Humans Had Gender Equal Societies. IFLScience. May 17, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/early-humans-had-gender-equal-societies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Hispanic Dropouts and Federal Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tovar L. Perceived Life Satisfaction of Previously Undocumented Latino Immigrants. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Perabo S. When Good Mothers Bully Back. New York Times. March 10, 2017:ST8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Abbreviation	Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
ISSN (print)	0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
Scope	Parasitology Virology Infectious Diseases