How to format your references using the The American Journal of Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The American Journal of Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Al-Hashimi HM: Biochemistry. Exciting structures. Science 2010, 329:1295–1296.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stevens RC, Wilson IA: Tech.Sight. Industrializing structural biology. Science 2001, 293:519–520.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shubin NH, Daeschler EB, Coates MI: The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus. Science 2004, 304:90–93.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Rolly B, Geffrin J-M, Abdeddaim R, Stout B, Bonod N: Controllable emission of a dipolar source coupled with a magneto-dielectric resonant subwavelength scatterer. Sci Rep 2013, 3:3063.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ratzliff A, Unutzer J, Katon W, Stephens KA: Integrated Care. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015, .

An edited book

Yang CC, Chau M, Wang J-H, Chen H, editors: Security Informatics. Boston, MA, Springer US, 2010, .

A chapter in an edited book

Offermanns H, Schulz K, Brandes E, Schendler T: Substance Properties of Methanol. In: Bertau M, Offermanns H, Plass L, Schmidt F, Wernicke H-J, editors. Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future: Asinger’s Vision Today, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2014, pp. 303–325.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The American Journal of Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E: Watch The Annual Beluga Whale Migration LIVE [Internet]. IFLScience., IFLScience, 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30], . Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-annual-beluga-whale-migration-canada-here/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Surface Transportation: Principles Can Guide Efforts to Restructure and Fund Federal Programs. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008 Jul. Report No.: GAO-08-744T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cabrales M: Gupta Rajpoot scheme for quark flavor mixing [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA], California State University, Long Beach, 2010, .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L: Tapping Dancers Who Love Fiddlers. New York Times 2006, :LI9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The American Journal of Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0002-9440
ISSN (online)	1525-2191
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine