How to format your references using the Telecommunication Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Telecommunication Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zeki, S. (2001). Essays on science and society. Artistic creativity and the brain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5527), 51–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

Žutić, I., & Cernĕ, J. (2011). Physics. Chameleon magnets. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6033), 1040–1041.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yan, S., Huse, D. A., & White, S. R. (2011). Spin-liquid ground state of the S = 1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6034), 1173–1176.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kowarik, M., Numao, S., Feldman, M. F., Schulz, B. L., Callewaert, N., Kiermaier, E., … Aebi, M. (2006). N-linked glycosylation of folded proteins by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5802), 1148–1150.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Forshaw, M. (2006). Understanding Headaches and Migraines. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Levermore, D. M. (2006). Enterprise Collaboration: On-Demand Information Exchange for Extended Enterprises. (C. Hsu, Ed.) (Vol. 11). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Weyh, A. (2006). What Characterizes Successful Start-Up Cohorts? In M. Fritsch & J. Schmude (Eds.), Entrepreneurship in the Region (pp. 61–74). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Telecommunication Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 8). These Adorable Sea Lions Are The Puppies Of The Sea. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). By Making the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory a Federal Computer Center, the Department of Energy Can Save Millions While Serving Government Agencies (No. EMD-78-30). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

George, K. G. (2017). Revisiting “The Blue Line Blues”: Transit-Oriented Development in Inner-City Areas of Los Angeles County, 2000-2016 (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Urbina, I. (2015, November 9). Tricked While on Land, Abused or Killed at Sea. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Telecommunication Systems
Abbreviation	Telecommun. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1018-4864
ISSN (online)	1572-9451
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering