How to format your references using the Telecommunication Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Telecommunication Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mann, M. E. (2002). Climate reconstruction. The value of multiple proxies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5586), 1481–1482.

A journal article with 2 authors

Crisp, R. J., & Meleady, R. (2012). Adapting to a multicultural future. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6083), 853–855.

A journal article with 3 authors

Giovannoni, S., Temperton, B., & Zhao, Y. (2013). Giovannoni et al. reply. Nature, 499(7459), E4-5.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dean, S., Marchetti, R., Kirk, K., & Matthews, K. R. (2009). A surface transporter family conveys the trypanosome differentiation signal. Nature, 459(7244), 213–217.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goering, H., Roos, H.-G., & Tobiska, L. (2010). Die Finite-Elemente-Methode für Anfänger. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Mariani, G., Manca, G., Orsini, F., Vidal-Sicart, S., & Valdés Olmos, R. A. (Eds.). (2013). Atlas of Lymphoscintigraphy and Sentinel Node Mapping: A Pictorial Case-Based Approach. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaushika, N. D., Reddy, K. S., & Kaushik, K. (2016). Conventional Energy and Power System. In K. S. Reddy & K. Kaushik (Eds.), Sustainable Energy and the Environment: A Clean Technology Approach (pp. 43–60). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Telecommunication Systems.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, July 21). The “World’s Saddest Polar Bear” Lives In A Chinese Mall. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Schools and Libraries Corporation: Actions Needed to Strengthen Program Integrity Operations Before Committing Funds (No. T-RCED-98-243). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Guzman, F. (2013). Terra Forming with You and Me (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D. A. (2006, April 9). Seen the Airline’s Movie? Bring Your Own. New York Times, p. 56.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Telecommunication Systems
Abbreviation	Telecommun. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1018-4864
ISSN (online)	1572-9451
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering