How to format your references using the Technology Operation Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology Operation Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Renton, Peter. 2004. Has the Higgs boson been discovered? Nature 428: 141–144.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ding, Tao, and Patrick D. Schloss. 2014. Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body. Nature 509: 357–360.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rieping, Wolfgang, Michael Habeck, and Michael Nilges. 2005. Inferential structure determination. Science (New York, N.Y.) 309: 303–306.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chen, Zhongbo, Zhiwei Xu, Shifang Sun, Yiming Yu, Dan Lv, Chao Cao, and Zaichun Deng. 2014. TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: useful markers for lung cancer? Scientific reports 4: 5595.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alexander, Michael, and John Walkenbach. 2012. 101 Ready-to-Use Excel® Macros. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Latawiec, Krzysztof J., Marian Łukaniszyn, and Rafał Stanisławski, ed. 2015. Advances in Modelling and Control of Non-integer-Order Systems: 6th Conference on Non-integer Order Calculus and Its Applications, 2014 Opole, Poland. Vol. 320. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Seidl, Helmut, and Máté Kovács. 2014. Interprocedural Information Flow Analysis of XML Processors. In Language and Automata Theory and Applications: 8th International Conference, LATA 2014, Madrid, Spain, March 10-14, 2014. Proceedings, ed. Adrian-Horia Dediu, Carlos Martín-Vide, José-Luis Sierra-Rodríguez, and Bianca Truthe, 34–61. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology Operation Management.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2016. A Quarter Of All Pregnancies Globally End In Termination. IFLScience. IFLScience. May 15.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Telecommunications: Interruptions of Telephone Service. RCED-93-79FS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Riley, Jenny Marie. 2017. Was Sloth the Ultimate Slow Food? An Archaeological Examination of Padre Nuestro Cavern, Dominican Republic. Doctoral dissertation, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, Ben. 2017. Cardi B Knocks Swift Out of the No. 1 Spot. New York Times, September 25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Renton 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Renton 2004; Ding and Schloss 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ding and Schloss 2014)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology Operation Management
ISSN (print)	0974-8091
ISSN (online)	2249-2364
Scope