How to format your references using the Technology Operation Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology Operation Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hinnebusch, Alan G. 2015. Cell biology. Blocking stress response for better memory? Science (New York, N.Y.) 348: 967–968.

A journal article with 2 authors

Williams, Bryan R. G., and Ganes C. Sen. 2003. Immunology. A viral on/off switch for interferon. Science (New York, N.Y.) 300: 1100–1101.

A journal article with 3 authors

Burnham, Denis, Christine Kitamura, and Ute Vollmer-Conna. 2002. What’s new, pussycat? On talking to babies and animals. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 1435.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Navarre, William Wiley, Steffen Porwollik, Yipeng Wang, Michael McClelland, Henry Rosen, Stephen J. Libby, and Ferric C. Fang. 2006. Selective silencing of foreign DNA with low GC content by the H-NS protein in Salmonella. Science (New York, N.Y.) 313: 236–238.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morris, Gregory L. 2014. Investing with the Trend. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Billett, Stephen, Christian Harteis, and Hans Gruber, ed. 2014. International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Bouchard, Carole, Jean-François Omhover, and Jieun Kim. 2015. Kansei Information Processes in Early Design: Design Cognition and Computation. In Emotional Engineering (Vol. 3), ed. Shuichi Fukuda, 55–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology Operation Management.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. Some Creatures Use Electricity And Vibrations In Sex (And This Can Be Dangerous). IFLScience. IFLScience. January 7.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1971. Basis Used by the Office of Education for Classifying Contracts as Either Competitive or Noncompetitive. B-164031(1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ponder, Kevin. 2017. Easing Stress by Helping Others: How Corporate Volunteer Programs Impact the Stress of Employees Within an Organization. Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2003. Reservoir’s Sunken Fountain Is Rising From the Deep. New York Times, June 29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hinnebusch 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Williams and Sen 2003; Hinnebusch 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Williams and Sen 2003)
Three or more authors: (Navarre et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology Operation Management
ISSN (print)	0974-8091
ISSN (online)	2249-2364
Scope