How to format your references using the Technology, Knowledge and Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Knowledge and Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weidemüller, M. (2013). Quantum physics: spooky action gets collective. Nature, 498(7455), 438–439.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fukuchi-Shimogori, T., & Grove, E. A. (2001). Neocortex patterning by the secreted signaling molecule FGF8. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5544), 1071–1074.

A journal article with 3 authors

Losonczy, A., Makara, J. K., & Magee, J. C. (2008). Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons. Nature, 452(7186), 436–441.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhou, C., Cheng, X., Zhao, Q., Yan, Y., Wang, J., & Huang, J. (2014). Self-assembly of channel type β-CD dimers induced by dodecane. Scientific reports, 4, 7533.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bays, D. H. (2011). A New History of Christianity in China. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Chen, J., Hu, X., Stenzel-Poore, M., & Zhang, J. H. (Eds.). (2014). Immunological Mechanisms and Therapies in Brain Injuries and Stroke (Vol. 6). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sausville, E. A. (2011). Preclinical Models for Anticancer Drug Development. In E. Garrett-Mayer (Ed.), Principles of Anticancer Drug Development (pp. 89–114). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Knowledge and Learning.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, June 20). Mammals Were Almost Completely Wiped Out Alongside The Dinosaurs. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Early Childhood Programs: Multiple Programs and Overlapping Target Groups (No. HEHS-95-4FS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wistrom, C. A. (2017). Perceptions of School Leaders Regarding the Benefits of Leadership Dashboards (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2006, August 12). Village Moves to Deter Illegal Housing. New York Times, p. LI9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Weidemüller 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Fukuchi-Shimogori and Grove 2001; Weidemüller 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fukuchi-Shimogori and Grove 2001)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Abbreviation	Technol. Knowl. Learn.
ISSN (print)	2211-1662
ISSN (online)	2211-1670
Scope	Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Mathematics (miscellaneous) Education

Research and Writing Guides