How to format your references using the Technology, Knowledge and Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Knowledge and Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Arthur, C. (2013). Academics should not remain silent on hacking. Nature, 504(7480), 333.

A journal article with 2 authors

Morrison, S. J., & Scadden, D. T. (2014). The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells. Nature, 505(7483), 327–334.

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins, S. H., Wiggin, M. B., & Sawicki, G. S. (2015). Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton. Nature, 522(7555), 212–215.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Qu, D., Zheng, M., Zhang, L., Zhao, H., Xie, Z., Jing, X., et al. (2014). Formation mechanism and optimization of highly luminescent N-doped graphene quantum dots. Scientific reports, 4, 5294.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raju, K. S. N. (2011). Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Landman, N. H., Davis, R. A., & Mapes, R. H. (Eds.). (2007). Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Das, P., Dutta, G., Mandal, N. K., & Sinha, B. K. (2015). OCDs in Balanced Incomplete Block Design Set-Up. In G. Dutta, N. K. Mandal, & B. K. Sinha (Eds.), Optimal Covariate Designs: Theory and Applications (pp. 41–63). New Delhi: Springer India.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Knowledge and Learning.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 28). Are We Prepared For The Next Big Mediterranean Tsunami? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/are-we-prepared-next-big-mediterranean-tsunami/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Transportation Coordination: Benefits and Barriers Exist, and Planning Efforts Progress Slowly (No. RCED-00-1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ortiz-Quiusky, S. (2015). Substance abuse, smoking, and depression among military veterans (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, J. (2016, September 18). Duane Graveline, Forced Out as Astronaut, Dies at 85. New York Times, p. A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Arthur 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Arthur 2013; Morrison and Scadden 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Morrison and Scadden 2014)
Three or more authors: (Qu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Abbreviation	Technol. Knowl. Learn.
ISSN (print)	2211-1662
ISSN (online)	2211-1670
Scope	Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Mathematics (miscellaneous) Education