How to format your references using the Technology, Knowledge and Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Knowledge and Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wickware, P. (2000). Next-generation biologists must straddle computation and biology. Nature, 404(6778), 683–684.

A journal article with 2 authors

Volkow, N. D., & Baler, R. D. (2012). Neuroscience. To stop or not to stop? Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6068), 546–548.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dorman, S. N., Viner, C., & Rogan, P. K. (2014). Splicing mutation analysis reveals previously unrecognized pathways in lymph node-invasive breast cancer. Scientific reports, 4, 7063.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Boothroyd, C. E., Dreesen, O., Leonova, T., Ly, K. I., Figueiredo, L. M., Cross, G. A. M., & Papavasiliou, F. N. (2009). A yeast-endonuclease-generated DNA break induces antigenic switching in Trypanosoma brucei. Nature, 459(7244), 278–281.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunne, R. A. (2006). A Statistical Approach to Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Neve, K. A. (Ed.). (2009). Functional Selectivity of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Ligands: New Opportunities for Drug Discovery. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Do, H., & McDonagh, D. L. (2016). Pediatric Neuroanesthesia. In A. Agrawal & G. Britz (Eds.), Pediatric Vascular Neurosurgery: Principles and Practice of Neurovascular Disorders (Part 1) (pp. 47–56). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Knowledge and Learning.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 14). Kidney Failing? Grow A New One. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Wood Utilization: Federal Research and Product Development Activities, Support, and Technology Transfer (No. GAO-06-624). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watkins, D. (2008). The common factors between coaching cultures and transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and high-performance organizational cultures (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. (2016, August 27). The Lost Battle That Helped Win the Revolution. New York Times, p. A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wickware 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Volkow and Baler 2012; Wickware 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Volkow and Baler 2012)
Three or more authors: (Boothroyd et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Abbreviation	Technol. Knowl. Learn.
ISSN (print)	2211-1662
ISSN (online)	2211-1670
Scope	Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Mathematics (miscellaneous) Education