How to format your references using the Technology, Knowledge and Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Knowledge and Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2002). Clearing your own path. Nature, 420(6914), 3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bergink, S., & Jentsch, S. (2009). Principles of ubiquitin and SUMO modifications in DNA repair. Nature, 458(7237), 461–467.

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins, F. S., Wilder, E. L., & Zerhouni, E. (2014). Funding transdisciplinary research. NIH Roadmap/Common Fund at 10 years. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6194), 274–276.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sullivan, N. J., Sanchez, A., Rollin, P. E., Yang, Z. Y., & Nabel, G. J. (2000). Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates. Nature, 408(6812), 605–609.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joseph, C. L., & Bernal, S. (2016). Modern Devices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Robinson, M. W., & Dalton, J. P. (Eds.). (2011). Cysteine Proteases of Pathogenic Organisms (Vol. 712). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Roy, R., & Naidoo, V. (2016). Research or Applied Universities? An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Prospective Student’s Selection of Universities with Different Brand Identities. In T. Wu & V. Naidoo (Eds.), International Marketing of Higher Education (pp. 83–98). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Knowledge and Learning.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, July 6). This Algorithm Is Better Than You At Picking Out A Lie Online. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/algorithm-better-picking-out-lie-online/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Highway Financing: Factors Affecting Highway Trust Fund Revenues (No. GAO-02-667T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Child, R. J. (2013). The evolution of BARREN INFLORESCENCE1 and related AUX/IAA genes in angiosperms (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, T. by J. (2016, July 31). Wildlife in Captivity. New York Times, p. MB8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Bergink and Jentsch 2009; Smaglik 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bergink and Jentsch 2009)
Three or more authors: (Sullivan et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Abbreviation	Technol. Knowl. Learn.
ISSN (print)	2211-1662
ISSN (online)	2211-1670
Scope	Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Mathematics (miscellaneous) Education