How to format your references using the Technology in Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology in Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
C.B. Barrett, Measuring food insecurity, Science 327 (2010) 825–828.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
R.B. Huey, P.D. Ward, Hypoxia, global warming, and terrestrial late Permian extinctions, Science 308 (2005) 398–401.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
J.-P. Bibring, S.W. Squyres, R.E. Arvidson, Planetary science. Merging views on Mars, Science 313 (2006) 1899–1901.
A journal article with 4 or more authors
[1]
W. Zeng, K.A. Wharton Jr, J.A. Mack, K. Wang, M. Gadbaw, K. Suyama, P.S. Klein, M.P. Scott, naked cuticle encodes an inducible antagonist of Wnt signalling, Nature 403 (2000) 789–795.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
W.A. Imbriale, Large Antennas of the Deep Space Network, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
An edited book
[1]
D.W. Langor, J. Sweeney, eds., Ecological Impacts of Non-Native Invertebrates and Fungi on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
R. Hull, A.M. O’Donovan, Acts, Omissions, and Assisted Death: Some Reflections on the Marie Fleming Case, in: A. Fives, K. Breen (Eds.), Philosophy and Political Engagement: Reflection in the Public Sphere, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016: pp. 79–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology in Society.

Blog post
[1]
T. Hale, Svalbard “Doomsday” Seed Vault To Get Revamp After Permafrost Melt Leak, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: 1991 Survey of Cable Television Rates and Services, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
E.F. Mac Garrigle, A validation of the enterprise management engineering approach to knowledge management systems engineering, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
P. Baker, Reluctantly, Trump Recertifies Iran’s Compliance With Nuclear Agreement, New York Times (2017) A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleTechnology in Society
AbbreviationTechnol. Soc.
ISSN (print)0160-791X
ScopeBusiness and International Management
Education
Human Factors and Ergonomics
Sociology and Political Science

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