How to format your references using the Teaching Sociology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching Sociology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Snow, Robert W. 2004. “The Invisible Victims.” Nature 430(7002):934–35.

A journal article with 2 authors

Enquist, B. J., and K. J. Niklas. 2001. “Invariant Scaling Relations across Tree-Dominated Communities.” Nature 410(6829):655–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Teufel, Robin, Thorsten Friedrich, and Georg Fuchs. 2012. “An Oxygenase That Forms and Deoxygenates Toxic Epoxide.” Nature 483(7389):359–62.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sang, Liwen, Junqing Hu, Rujia Zou, Yasuo Koide, and Meiyong Liao. 2013. “Arbitrary Multicolor Photodetection by Hetero-Integrated Semiconductor Nanostructures.” Scientific Reports 3:2368.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paul, Sanjoy. 2010. Digital Video Distribution in Broadband, Television, Mobile and Converged Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hermann, Miki, and Andrei Voronkov, eds. 2006. Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning: 13th International Conference, LPAR 2006, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, November 13-17, 2006. Proceedings. Vol. 4246. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hansson, Andreas, and Kees Goossens. 2011. “Instantiation.” Pp. 103–20 in On-Chip Interconnect with aelite: Composable and Predictable Systems, Embedded Systems, edited by K. Goossens. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching Sociology.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. “Newly Discovered Relative Of The Velociraptor Had A Keen Sense Of Smell.” IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 (https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-relative-velociraptor-had-keen-sense-smell/).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1997. Student Loans: Default Rates at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. HEHS-97-33. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swan, Caitlin. 2017. “Arts Participation and Career Preparedness: A Pragmatic Approach to Assessing Arts Benefits.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, Linda. 2017. “Misleading Statements From President’s Cabinet.” New York Times, June 13, A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Snow 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Enquist and Niklas 2001; Snow 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Enquist and Niklas 2001)
Three authors: (Teufel, Friedrich, and Fuchs 2012)
4 or more authors: (Sang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching Sociology
Abbreviation	Teach. Sociol.
ISSN (print)	0092-055X
Scope	Education Sociology and Political Science