How to format your references using the Teaching in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff, D. 2000. “MARINE ENVIRONMENT: Clinton Creates Huge Hawaiian Coral Haven.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 290 (5498): 1873b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heckman, Timothy M., and Guinevere Kauffmann. 2011. “The Coevolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: A Local Perspective.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 333 (6039): 182–185.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rainville, Simon, James K. Thompson, and David E. Pritchard. 2004. “An Ion Balance for Ultra-High-Precision Atomic Mass Measurements.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 303 (5656): 334–338.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Moore, Corey B., Mina John, Ian R. James, Frank T. Christiansen, Campbell S. Witt, and Simon A. Mallal. 2002. “Evidence of HIV-1 Adaptation to HLA-Restricted Immune Responses at a Population Level.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5572): 1439–1443.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, Chris, and Darryl Meeking. 2013. How to Succeed at the Medical Interview. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Akbarnia, Behrooz A., Muharrem Yazici, and George H. Thompson, eds. 2016. The Growing Spine: Management of Spinal Disorders in Young Children. 2nd ed. 2016. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Van Assche, Kristof, and Petruţa Teampău. 2015. “Cosmopolitanism and Networks: Odessa, Trieste, Tbilisi.” In Local Cosmopolitanism: Imagining and (Re-)Making Privileged Places, edited by Petruța Teampău, 25–45. SpringerBriefs in Geography. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching in Higher Education.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. “Impact Glass Detected On Mars Might Contain Organic Matter.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/impact-glass-detected-mars-might-contain-organic-matter/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Transition From School to Work: S. 1361 Addresses Components of Comprehensive Strategy. T-HRD-93-31. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kang, Heechan. 2006. “Essays on Methodologies in Contingent Valuation and the Sustainable Management of Common Pool Resources.” Doctoral dissertation, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gurley, George. 2014. “A Wealth of Ideas.” New York Times, March 27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Malakoff 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Malakoff 2000; Heckman and Kauffmann 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Heckman and Kauffmann 2011)
Three authors: (Rainville, Thompson, and Pritchard 2004)
4 or more authors: (Moore et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching in Higher Education
Abbreviation	Teach. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1356-2517
ISSN (online)	1470-1294
Scope	Education