How to format your references using the Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon D. Structural genomics--from cottage industry to industrial revolution. Nature. 2000;408(6809):273-274.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cooper MA, Shlaes D. Fix the antibiotics pipeline. Nature. 2011;472(7341):32.

A journal article with 3 authors

Velikov V, Borick S, Angell CA. The glass transition of water, based on hyperquenching experiments. Science. 2001;294(5550):2335-2338.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chandran V, Fronzes R, Duquerroy S, Cronin N, Navaza J, Waksman G. Structure of the outer membrane complex of a type IV secretion system. Nature. 2009;462(7276):1011-1015.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sullivan DM. Quantum Mechanics for Electrical Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Greve A. Thermal Design and Thermal Behaviour of Radio Telescopes and Their Enclosures. Vol 364. (Bremer M, ed.). Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Bruni V, Ferrara P, Vitulano D. Color Scratches Removal Using Human Perception. In: Campilho A, Kamel M, eds. Image Analysis and Recognition: 5th International Conference, ICIAR 2008, Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, June 25-27, 2008. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2008:33-42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Magic Mushrooms Could Help Smokers Kick The Habit. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Private Screening Contractors Have Little Flexibility to Implement Innovative Approaches. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alexandre KM. Identifying Mechanisms Regulating Wnt Signaling during Postembryonic Development. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Turkewitz J. A State Inquiry Is Said To Target Job Agencies. New York Times. October 15, 2013:A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Taiwan J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	2211-5056
Scope	Ophthalmology