How to format your references using the Synthetic Metals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Synthetic Metals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C.G. Proud, Cell signaling. mTOR, unleashed, Science 318 (2007) 926–927.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.F. Festing, E.M. Fisher, Mighty mice, Nature 404 (2000) 815.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D.A. Warner, T. Uller, R. Shine, Transgenerational sex determination: the embryonic environment experienced by a male affects offspring sex ratio, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2709.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Sondermann, R. Huber, V. Oosthuizen, U. Jacob, The 3.2-A crystal structure of the human IgG1 Fc fragment-Fc gammaRIII complex, Nature 406 (2000) 267–273.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.J. Brillson, An Essential Guide to Electronic Material Surfaces and Interfaces, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

F. Sarro, K. Deb, eds., Search Based Software Engineering: 8th International Symposium, SSBSE 2016, Raleigh, NC, USA, October 8-10, 2016, Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Lepperdinger, Ageing of the Stem Cells: The Conjoined Twosome Growing Old: Stem Cell and Its Niche, in: S.I.S. Rattan, L. Hayflick (Eds.), Cellular Ageing and Replicative Senescence, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 71–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Synthetic Metals.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, California Just Signed A New Climate Change Agreement With China, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/california-signed-climate-change-agreement-china/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, USDA Telecommunications, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.H. Almasaari, Arab American women’s identity crises in Mohja Kahf’s “The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf” and Laila Halaby’s “West of the Jordan,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Eligon, Perseverance Pays for Ward, a New Champion and, Maybe, the Sport’s Next Big Star, New York Times (2016) D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Synthetic Metals
Abbreviation	Synth. Met.
ISSN (print)	0379-6779
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Materials Chemistry Metals and Alloys Condensed Matter Physics