How to format your references using the Synthetic Metals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Synthetic Metals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Nurse, Wee beasties, Nature. 432 (2004) 557.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Karbaschi, M.S. Cooke, Novel method for the high-throughput processing of slides for the comet assay, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7200.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

C.A. Dwyer, D.J. Stevenson, F. Nimmo, A long-lived lunar dynamo driven by continuous mechanical stirring, Nature. 479 (2011) 212–214.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A.J. Engler, P.O. Humbert, B. Wehrle-Haller, V.M. Weaver, Multiscale modeling of form and function, Science. 324 (2009) 208–212.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

I. Ford, Statistical Physics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

M. Ferre, M. Buss, R. Aracil, C. Melchiorri, C. Balaguer, eds., Advances in Telerobotics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.B. Guedes, F.M. de Assis, R.A.C. Medeiros, Classical Zero-Error Information Theory, in: F.M. de Assis, R.A.C. Medeiros (Eds.), Quantum Zero-Error Information Theory, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 65–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Synthetic Metals.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Test: How Old Are Your Ears?, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/test-how-old-are-your-ears/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Reasons for Lack of Replacement for Failed Weather Satellite, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.I. Estrada, A community risk assessment of the 90806 zip code, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Lee, Modernist Birds Can Roost Here, New York Times. (2014) D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Synthetic Metals
Abbreviation	Synth. Met.
ISSN (print)	0379-6779
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Materials Chemistry Metals and Alloys Condensed Matter Physics