How to format your references using the Swarm Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Swarm Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D. (2009). The climate to get things done. Nature, 458(7234), 21.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tabas, I., & Glass, C. K. (2013). Anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic disease: challenges and opportunities. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6116), 166–172.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gong, S.-S., Zhu, W., & Sheng, D. N. (2014). Emergent chiral spin liquid: fractional quantum Hall effect in a kagome Heisenberg model. Scientific reports, 4, 6317.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lee, J., Lee, K., Jang, Y.-S., Jang, H., Han, S., Lee, S.-H., et al. (2014). Testing of a femtosecond pulse laser in outer space. Scientific reports, 4, 5134.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Talbot, D. B. (2012). Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ganz, P. A. (Ed.). (2015). Improving Outcomes for Breast Cancer Survivors: Perspectives on Research Challenges and Opportunities (Vol. 862). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kruger, K., & Basson, A. (2015). Implementation of an Erlang-Based Resource Holon for a Holonic Manufacturing Cell. In T. Borangiu, A. Thomas, & D. Trentesaux (Eds.), Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-agent Manufacturing (pp. 49–58). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Swarm Intelligence.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, May 16). Now Everyone Can Help Astronomers Hunt Down Supernovae. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Intellectual Property: Deposits of Biological Materials in Support of Certain Patent Applications (No. GAO-01-49). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung, T. Y.-Y. (2010). Pulse designs on TR-MAS UWB (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1992, August 2). THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Throws G.O.P. Slogan Back at President. New York Times, p. 124.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Goldston 2009; Tabas and Glass 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tabas and Glass 2013)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Swarm Intelligence
Abbreviation	Swarm Intell.
ISSN (print)	1935-3812
ISSN (online)	1935-3820
Scope	Artificial Intelligence