How to format your references using the Swarm Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Swarm Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Becker, T. (2010). Geophysics. Fine-scale modeling of global plate tectonics. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5995), 1020–1021.

A journal article with 2 authors

Halloran, M. E., & Longini, I. M., Jr. (2014). Emerging, evolving, and established infectious diseases and interventions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6202), 1292–1294.

A journal article with 3 authors

Danielewicz, P., Lacey, R., & Lynch, W. G. (2002). Determination of the equation of state of dense matter. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5598), 1592–1596.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Aono, T., Kouketsu, S., Murata, A., & Kawano, T. (2014). Southward spreading of the Fukushima-derived radiocesium across the Kuroshio Extension in the North Pacific. Scientific reports, 4, 4276.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Placzek, D., Bielecki, R., Messing, M., & Schwarzer, F., Tunnel. (2016). Zielgenau bis ans Ende des Tunnels. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Huang, J.-S. (2006). Dirac Operators in Representation Theory. (P. Pandžić, Ed.). Boston, MA: Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

Han, P., Yang, J., Shang, C., & Chang, C.-P. (2016). Chromatin Remodeling in Heart Failure. In J. Backs & T. A. McKinsey (Eds.), Epigenetics in Cardiac Disease (pp. 103–124). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Swarm Intelligence.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, October 28). Ancient Virus Revived From 700-Year-Old Caribou Feces. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). School Meal Programs: Changes to Federal Agencies’ Procedures Could Reduce Risk of School Children Consuming Recalled Food (No. GAO-09-649). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saxena, M. (2010). Learner analysis framework for globalized e-learning (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, October 5). Take Every Wave: The Life of Laird Hamilton. New York Times, p. C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Becker 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Becker 2010; Halloran and Longini 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Halloran and Longini 2014)
Three or more authors: (Kumamoto et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Swarm Intelligence
Abbreviation	Swarm Intell.
ISSN (print)	1935-3812
ISSN (online)	1935-3820
Scope	Artificial Intelligence