How to format your references using the Swarm Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Swarm Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sanderson, K. (2015). Structure: Artificial armour. Nature, 519(7544), S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chaudhari, K., & Pradeep, T. (2014). Spatiotemporal mapping of three dimensional rotational dynamics of single ultrasmall gold nanorods. Scientific reports, 4, 5948.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hong, Y., Wang, Z., & Jin, X. (2013). Sulfuric acid intercalated graphite oxide for graphene preparation. Scientific reports, 3, 3439.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Leo, N., Carolus, V., White, J. S., Kenzelmann, M., Hudl, M., Tolédano, P., et al. (2018). Magnetoelectric inversion of domain patterns. Nature, 560(7719), 466–470.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coutts, J. (2013). Loft Conversions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Yates, J. G. (2016). Fluidized-Bed Reactors: Processes and Operating Conditions. (P. Lettieri, Ed.) (Vol. 26). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Cales, R. (2015). Something Old & Borrowed. In B. C. Johnson & D. K. Faill (Eds.), Glee and New Directions for Social Change (pp. 69–79). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Swarm Intelligence.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, June 6). Physicists Manage To Slow Down Light In A Vacuum. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/physicists-slow-down-light-vacuum-twisting-it/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). National Airspace System: Comprehensive FAA Plan for Global Positioning System Is Needed (No. RCED-95-26). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bryant, M. G. (2017). The Development of the Massive Open Online Course Virtual Learning Environment Scale (MVLE) and Model to Measure Satisfaction of MOOC Online Learning Courses in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2008, December 21). Nassau and Suffolk Expecting More Funds. New York Times, p. LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sanderson 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chaudhari and Pradeep 2014; Sanderson 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chaudhari and Pradeep 2014)
Three or more authors: (Leo et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Swarm Intelligence
Abbreviation	Swarm Intell.
ISSN (print)	1935-3812
ISSN (online)	1935-3820
Scope	Artificial Intelligence