How to format your references using the Ethics and Information Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics and Information Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gilmore, G. (2004). Astronomy. The short spectacular life of a superstar. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5679), 1915–1916.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sagarin, R., & Micheli, F. (2001). Climate change in nontraditional data sets. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5543), 811.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mitchell, A., Wei, P., & Lim, W. A. (2015). Oscillatory stress stimulation uncovers an Achilles’ heel of the yeast MAPK signaling network. Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6266), 1379–1383.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Quezada, J. C., Saussine, G., Breul, P., & Radjaï, F. (2014). Predicting the settlement of coarse granular materials under vertical loading. Scientific reports, 4, 5707.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lamattina, J. L. (2012). Devalued and Distrusted. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Boulabiar, K., Buskes, G., & Triki, A. (Eds.). (2007). Positivity. Basel: Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

VanBalkom, W. D., & Beara, M. (2012). Making or Breaking the Peace: The Role of Schools in Inter-Ethnic Peace Making. In O. Simić, Z. Volčič, & C. R. Philpot (Eds.), Peace Psychology in the Balkans: Dealing with a Violent Past while Building Peace (pp. 75–87). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics and Information Technology.

Blog post

Carpineti, C. (2017, May 17). NASA Has Developed Futuristic Chain Mail Fabric To Use In Space. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/nasa-has-developed-futuristic-chain-mail-fabric-to-use-in-space/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). Aviation Safety: Chicago Center Work Force Views of the Air Traffic Control System (No. RCED-89-205FS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Otarola, A. C. (2008). The effects of turbulence in an absorbing atmosphere on the propagation of microwave signals used in an active sounding system (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walker, M. (2017, June 8). Choosing Photographs Over Paintings. New York Times, p. C14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gilmore 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Gilmore 2004; Sagarin and Micheli 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sagarin and Micheli 2001)
Three or more authors: (Quezada et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics and Information Technology
Abbreviation	Ethics Inf. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1388-1957
ISSN (online)	1572-8439
Scope	Computer Science Applications Library and Information Sciences

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