How to format your references using the Sustainable Cities and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sustainable Cities and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2001). Big or small neuroscience? Nature, 414(6860), 3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dickson, D., & Abbott, A. (2000). Britain asks to join European Southern Observatory. Nature, 405(6785), 382–383.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu, A., Ding, C., & Tian, Y. (2013). A two-photon ratiometric fluorescence probe for cupric ions in live cells and tissues. Scientific Reports, 3, 2933.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Belonoshko, A. B., Skorodumova, N. V., Rosengren, A., & Johansson, B. (2008). Elastic anisotropy of Earth’s inner core. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5864), 797–800.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mubarak, S. (2010). Construction Project Scheduling and Control. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bui, L. T., Ong, Y. S., Hoai, N. X., Ishibuchi, H., & Suganthan, P. N. (Eds.). (2012). Simulated Evolution and Learning: 9th International Conference, SEAL 2012, Hanoi, Vietnam, December 16-19, 2012. Proceedings (Vol. 7673). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hamoudi, M., Quesnel, Y., Dyment, J., & Lesur, V. (2011). Aeromagnetic and Marine Measurements. In M. Mandea & M. Korte (Eds.), Geomagnetic Observations and Models (pp. 57–103). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sustainable Cities and Society.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, April 2). Skeleton Dated To 3.67 Million Years Old. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/little-foot-skeleton-dated-be-367-million-years-old-older-lucy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1970). Review of Training Grant Awarded to the University of California at Los Angeles (B-164031(2)). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liu, C. (2013). Regulatory functions of the actin cytoskeleton in B cell receptor signaling [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, M. D. (2017, September 24). Trump Imposes New Travel Ban on 7 Countries. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Dickson & Abbott, 2000; Smaglik, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dickson & Abbott, 2000)
Three authors: (Zhu et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Belonoshko et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sustainable Cities and Society
Abbreviation	Sustain. Cities Soc.
ISSN (print)	2210-6707
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development Transportation