How to format your references using the Sustainable Cities and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sustainable Cities and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawrence, P. A. (2003). The politics of publication. Nature, 422(6929), 259–261.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boyd, R., & Mathew, S. (2007). Behavior. A narrow road to cooperation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5833), 1858–1859.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reiserer, A., Ritter, S., & Rempe, G. (2013). Nondestructive detection of an optical photon. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6164), 1349–1351.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Dong, W., Sun, C., Wang, H., Song, A., He, L., Fang, W., Chen, F., & Teng, N. (2014). Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of embryo abortion during chrysanthemum cross breeding. Scientific Reports, 4, 6536.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Caban, S., Mehlführer, C., Rupp, M., & Wrulich, M. (2011). Evaluation of HSDPA and LTE. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Davis, R. A., Jr., & Dalrymple, R. W. (Eds.). (2012). Principles of Tidal Sedimentology. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Radomirović, S., & Dashti, M. T. (2015). Derailing Attacks. In B. Christianson, P. Švenda, V. Matyáš, J. Malcolm, F. Stajano, & J. Anderson (Eds.), Security Protocols XXIII: 23rd International Workshop, Cambridge, UK, March 31 - April 2, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 41–46). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sustainable Cities and Society.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, October 18). Ancient Cave Art Records Fascinating Evolution Of European Bison. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-cave-art-records-fascinating-evolution-of-european-bison/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Amtrak: Deteriorated Financial and Operating Conditions Threaten Long-Term Viability (T-RCED-95-98). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nersisyan, H. A. (2017). Armenian American Student Perceptions of Campus Climate: Examining the Conditions That Support or Inhibit Their College Experience [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Goldstein, J. (2017, August 1). Inside a Jail in Brooklyn, The Women Live in Fear. New York Times, A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawrence, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Boyd & Mathew, 2007; Lawrence, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boyd & Mathew, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sustainable Cities and Society
Abbreviation	Sustain. Cities Soc.
ISSN (print)	2210-6707
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development Transportation