How to format your references using the Sustainable Cities and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sustainable Cities and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Evans, N. R. (2000). ASTRONOMY: Don’t We Already Know Everything About Polaris? Science (New York, N.Y.), 289(5486), 1888–1889.

A journal article with 2 authors

Faccio, D., & Leach, J. (2013). Applied physics. Ghost imaging in three dimensions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340(6134), 821–822.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, S.-H., Kwan, A. C., & Dan, Y. (2014). Interneuron subtypes and orientation tuning. Nature, 508(7494), E1-2.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Han, A., Pan, F., Stroud, J. C., Youn, H.-D., Liu, J. O., & Chen, L. (2003). Sequence-specific recruitment of transcriptional co-repressor Cabin1 by myocyte enhancer factor-2. Nature, 422(6933), 730–734.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kubicek, C. P. (2012). Fungi and Lignocellulosic Biomass. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Chhem, R. K., Hibbert, K. M., & Deven, T. V. (Eds.). (2009). Radiology Education: The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lin, W., & Wong, C. P. (2010). Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials as Electrical Interconnects and Thermal Interface Materials. In C. P. Wong, K.-S. Moon, & Y. (grace) Li (Eds.), Nano-Bio- Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging (pp. 87–138). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sustainable Cities and Society.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, August 24). Oldest Known Message-In-A-Bottle Found. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). Small Businesses and Innovation, Small Business Research Conference (114641). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Leonard Puppa, E. L. (2010). Duration of case management: Correlation with Medicaid pediatric patient outcomes [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Davey, M., & Walsh, M. W. (2014, February 21). Detroit Outlines Map to Solvency, Stressing Repair. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Evans, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Evans, 2000; Faccio & Leach, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Faccio & Leach, 2013)
Three authors: (Lee et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Han et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sustainable Cities and Society
Abbreviation	Sustain. Cities Soc.
ISSN (print)	2210-6707
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development Transportation