How to format your references using the Survey of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Survey of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cooper B. Turing centenary: The incomputable reality. Nature. 2012;482(7386):465.

A journal article with 2 authors

Keusch GT, Medlin CA. Tapping the power of small institutions. Nature. 2003;422(6932):561-562.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gauld SB, Dal Porto JM, Cambier JC. B cell antigen receptor signaling: roles in cell development and disease. Science. 2002;296(5573):1641-1642.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ovchinnikov IV, Götherström A, Romanova GP, Kharitonov VM, Lidén K, Goodwin W. Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus. Nature. 2000;404(6777):490-493.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paret D, Huon JP. Secure Connected Objects. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Voeks R, Rashford J, eds. African Ethnobotany in the Americas. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Quintero OA, Moore JE, Yengo CM. Basics of the Cytoskeleton: Myosins. In: Kavallaris M, ed. Cytoskeleton and Human Disease. Humana Press; 2012:73-100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Survey of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Facebook Is Adding A “Dislike” Button. IFLScience. September 16, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/facebook-adding-dislike-button-so-you-can-show-empathy-sad-posts/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Reports Issued in June 1988. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Senaga KA. Tasteless, Cheap, and Southern? The Rise and Decline of the Farm-Raised Catfish Industry. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Belarus: Europe Mission Chief Departs. New York Times. June 5, 2002:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,5,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Survey of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Surv. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	0039-6257
ISSN (online)	1879-3304
Scope	Ophthalmology