How to format your references using the Dermatology and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dermatology and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Romani RW. Astronomy. Pulsar beams--big and bright. Science. 2014;344:159–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vinson V, Pennisi E. Synthetic biology. The allure of synthetic biology. Introduction. Science. 2011;333:1235.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Smith ZM, Delgutte B, Oxenham AJ. Chimaeric sounds reveal dichotomies in auditory perception. Nature. 2002;416:87–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Guduru R, Liang P, Runowicz C, Nair M, Atluri V, Khizroev S. Magneto-electric nanoparticles to enable field-controlled high-specificity drug delivery to eradicate ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2953.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Anderson SK, Handelsman MM. Ethics for Psychotherapists and Counselors. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.

An edited book

1. Bruza P, Sofge D, Lawless W, Rijsbergen K van, Klusch M, editors. Quantum Interaction: Third International Symposium, QI 2009, Saarbrücken, Germany, March 25-27, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Fujita Y, Phanvilay K, Donovan D. PAST CONFLICTS AND RESOURCE USE IN POSTWAR LAO PDR. In: Jong WD, Donovan D, Abe K-I, editors. Extreme Conflict and Tropical Forests. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 75–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dermatology and Therapy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Why Killing Lions Like Cecil May Actually Be Good For Conservation [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-killing-lions-cecil-may-actually-be-good-conservation/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transportation Safety: Opportunities for Enhancing Safety Across Modes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Feb. Report No.: T-RCED-94-120.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Cuthbertson TH. The fool’s replies: Toward a poetics of folly in Shakespeare’s comedies [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Bad Math and a Coming Public Pension Crisis. New York Times. 2015 Jul 9;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dermatology and Therapy
Abbreviation	Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb.)
ISSN (print)	2193-8210
ISSN (online)	2190-9172
Scope	Dermatology

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