How to format your references using the Surgical Endoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Endoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carroll SB (2003) Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens. Nature 422:849–857

A journal article with 2 authors

Gelbart WM, Knobler CM (2009) Virology. Pressurized viruses. Science 323:1682–1683

A journal article with 3 authors

Schaedler TA, Jacobsen AJ, Carter WB (2013) Materials science. Toward lighter, stiffer materials. Science 341:1181–1182

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tanvir NR, Chapman R, Levan AJ, Priddey RS (2005) An origin in the local Universe for some short gamma-ray bursts. Nature 438:991–993

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kula G, Raab M, Stahn S (2017) Beyond Smart Beta. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Liew K-M, Shen H, See S, Cai W, Fan P, Horiguchi S (2005) Parallel and Distributed Computing: Applications and Technologies: 5th International Conference, PDCAT 2004, Singapore, December 8-10, 2004. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Stahl G (2009) From Individual Representations to Group Cognition. In: Stahl G (ed) Studying Virtual Math Teams. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 57–73

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Endoscopy.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) New Glacier Behavior That Warps The Earth’s Crust Detected. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-glacier-behavior-that-warps-the-earths-crust-detected/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Aviation and the Environment: Results From a Survey of the Nation’s 50 Busiest Commercial Service Airports. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marlatt ES (2013) Effects of accelerated instruction on achievement gains of underprepared Catholic high school freshmen. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas R, Walsh MW (2017) Hartford, With Finances in Disarray, Veers Toward Bankruptcy. New York Times A18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Endoscopy
Abbreviation	Surg. Endosc.
ISSN (print)	0930-2794
ISSN (online)	1432-2218
Scope	Surgery