How to format your references using the Surgical Endoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Endoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bowerman B (2008) Cell signaling. Wnt moves beyond the canon. Science 320:327–328

A journal article with 2 authors

Neilsen J, Lee JC (2009) Accretion disk winds as the jet suppression mechanism in the microquasar GRS 1915+105. Nature 458:481–484

A journal article with 3 authors

Hurtley S, Ash C, Roberts L (2010) Tuberculosis & malaria. Landscapes of infection. Introduction. Science 328:841

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Qu T, Yang K, Han X, Wu S, Huang Y, Luo H (2014) Design of a superluminal ring laser gyroscope using multilayer optical coatings with huge group delay. Sci Rep 4:7098

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leung M-Y, Chan IYS, Cooper CL (2014) Stress Management in the Construction Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Weiss S, Ferrand N (2007) Phylogeography of Southern European Refugia: Evolutionary perspectives on the origins and conservation of European biodiversity. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Susilawati Japri (2016) The Language of Shop Signs in a Modern Shopping Centre in Brunei. In: Haji-Othman NA, McLellan J, Deterding D (eds) The Use and Status of Language in Brunei Darussalam: A Kingdom of Unexpected Linguistic Diversity. Springer, Singapore, pp 29–38

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Endoscopy.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Spectacular Photograph Captures Bioluminescent Plankton And Aurora At The Same Time. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/tasmania-lights-above-and-below-adding-photos-please-dont-edit-yet/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) High Speed Ground Transportation: Financial Barriers to Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Henry AG (2010) Plant foods and the dietary ecology of Neandertals and modern humans. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr (2017) Oakley Rejects Plea Bargain And Demands Day in Court. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Endoscopy
Abbreviation	Surg. Endosc.
ISSN (print)	0930-2794
ISSN (online)	1432-2218
Scope	Surgery