How to format your references using the Surgical Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Clinics of North America (SUC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check E. Mouse genome: The real deal. Nature 2002;420(6915):457.

A journal article with 2 authors

Arnaoutov A, Dasso M. Enzyme regulation. IRBIT is a novel regulator of ribonucleotide reductase in higher eukaryotes. Science 2014;345(6203):1512–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

McMahon SM, Miller KH, Drake J. Social science and ecology. Networking tips for social scientists and ecologists. Science 2001;293(5535):1604–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kreisig T, Prasse AA, Zscharnack K, et al. His-tag protein monitoring by a fast mix-and-measure immunoassay. Sci Rep 2014;4:5613.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Seeber P, Shander A. Basics of Blood Management. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

Neuber AA, editor. Explosively Driven Pulsed Power: Helical Magnetic Flux Compression Generators. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Beishuizen NA, Roekaerts D. Reynolds Stress and PDF Modeling of Two-Way Coupling and Vaporisation Interaction in a Turbulent Spray Flame. In: Merci B, Roekaerts D, and Sadiki A, editors. Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Diluted Spray Turbulent Combustion: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Turbulent Spray Combustion. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. pp. 133–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Andrew E. Garage Biotech: New Drugs Using Only A Computer, The Internet And Free Online Data. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/garage-biotech-new-drugs-using-only-computer-internet-and-free-online-data/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation and Telecommunications Issue Area: Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Freeman J. The Loudest Room. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Mets and Marines Share a Day. New York Times 2010:B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Surg. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0039-6109
ISSN (online)	1558-3171
Scope	Surgery