How to format your references using the Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. Argentina’s pivotal moment. Nature 2008;451:494–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Allsop DJ, West SA. Life history: changing sex at the same relative body size. Nature 2003;425:783–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gutfreund Y, Zheng W, Knudsen EI. Gated visual input to the central auditory system. Science 2002;297:1556–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Paolicelli RC, Bolasco G, Pagani F, Maggi L, Scianni M, Panzanelli P, et al. Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development. Science 2011;333:1456–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Avlonas N, Nassos GP. Practical Sustainability Strategies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Pobil AP del, Chinellato E, Martinez-Martin E, Hallam J, Cervera E, Morales A, editors. From Animals to Animats 13: 13th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, SAB 2014, Castellón, Spain, July 22-25, 2014. Proceedings. vol. 8575. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Maffei FA. Assessment of Cardiovascular Function. In: Lucking SE, Maffei FA, Tamburro RF, Thomas NJ, editors. Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide: Text and Review, London: Springer; 2012, p. 94–132.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Watch What Happens If You Put A Diamond In A Hydraulic Press. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/hydraulic-press-channel-takes-one-natures-hardest-materials/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Intercity Passenger Rail: The Congress Faces Critical Decisions About the Role of and Funding for Intercity Passenger Rail Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lewis DS. Global Educational Ecosystem: Case study of a partnership with K–12 schools, community organizations, and business. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Summoning Another Storm. New York Times 2011:D8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
Abbreviation	Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1550-7289
Scope	Surgery