How to format your references using the Studies in Science Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Studies in Science Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Aldhous, P. (2000). Protests force primate farm to close. Nature, 404(6775), 215.

A journal article with 2 authors

Badzey, R. L., & Mohanty, P. (2005). Coherent signal amplification in bistable nanomechanical oscillators by stochastic resonance. Nature, 437(7061), 995–998.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nisbet, E. G., Dlugokencky, E. J., & Bousquet, P. (2014). Atmospheric science. Methane on the rise--again. Science (New York, N.Y.), 343(6170), 493–495.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ravelo, A. C., Andreasen, D. H., Lyle, M., Olivarez Lyle, A., & Wara, M. W. (2004). Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch. Nature, 429(6989), 263–267.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jevon, P. (2012). Paediatric Advanced Life Support. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Klink, M. (Ed.). (2014). Interaction of Immune and Cancer Cells. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wegert, E., & Semmler, G. (2005). On the Normality of Topological Target Manifolds for Riemann-Hilbert Problems. In G. A. Barsegian & H. G. W. Begehr (Eds.), Topics in Analysis and its Applications (pp. 61–68). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Studies in Science Education.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, December 1). Arctic Sea Ice Is Failing To Grow At The Expected Rate. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/arctic-sea-ice-is-failing-to-grow-at-the-expected-rate/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Fiscal Year 2008 Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes (GAO-09-90R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Singh, A. (2017). Improving the Usability of Typometric Solutions [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chivers, C. J., & SOPHIA KISHKOVSKY; Erin Arvedlund contributed reporting from Moscow for this article. (2004, July 10). U.S. Investigative Journalist Is Shot to Death in Russia. New York Times, A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Aldhous, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Aldhous, 2000; Badzey & Mohanty, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Badzey & Mohanty, 2005)
Three authors: (Nisbet et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Ravelo et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Studies in Science Education
Abbreviation	Stud. Sci. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0305-7267
ISSN (online)	1940-8412
Scope	Education