How to format your references using the Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger, K. (2003). Location, location, location. Nature 421, 766–767.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fisher, C.R., and Girguis, P. (2007). Microbiology. A proteomic snapshot of life at a vent. Science 315, 198–199.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lynch, M., Koskella, B., and Schaack, S. (2006). Mutation pressure and the evolution of organelle genomic architecture. Science 311, 1727–1730.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhao, K., Gu, R., Wang, L., Xiao, P., Chen, Y.-H., Liang, J., Hu, L., and Fu, X. (2014). Voluntary pressing and releasing actions induce different senses of time: evidence from event-related brain responses. Sci. Rep. 4, 6047.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Willan, A.R., and Briggs, A.H. (2006). Statistical Analysis of Cost-effectiveness Data (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd).

An edited book

Furnell, S., Lambrinoudakis, C., and Lopez, J. eds. (2013). Trust, Privacy, and Security in Digital Business: 10th International Conference, TrustBus 2013, Prague, Czech Republic, August 28-29, 2013. Proceedings (Springer).

A chapter in an edited book

Cardoso, J.M.P., and Diniz, P.C. (2009). Mapping and Execution Optimizations. In Compilation Techniques for Reconfigurable Architectures, P. C. Diniz, ed. (Springer US), pp. 109–154.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Structure.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Legal Highs – A Look At The Growing Use Of Synthetic Drugs. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978). Comments on Legislation To Establish a Department of Education (U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mayorga, J. (2009). MSW students’ perception of mental health competence.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2001). As a Neighborhood Rebuilds, An Ex-Gadfly Gets Some Clout. New York Times, 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Structure
Abbreviation	Structure
ISSN (print)	0969-2126
ISSN (online)	1878-4186
Scope	Molecular Biology Structural Biology