How to format your references using the Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Booth, B.B. (2015). Climate change. Why the Pacific is cool. Science 347, 952.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yoon, S.-J., and Lee, Y.-W. (2002). An aligned stream of low-metallicity clusters in the halo of the Milky Way. Science 297, 578–581.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rainville, S., Thompson, J.K., and Pritchard, D.E. (2004). An ion balance for ultra-high-precision atomic mass measurements. Science 303, 334–338.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lin, G., Baraban, L., Han, L., Karnaushenko, D., Makarov, D., Cuniberti, G., and Schmidt, O.G. (2013). Magnetoresistive emulsion analyzer. Sci. Rep. 3, 2548.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sinclair, E. (2013). Volatility Trading (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

An edited book

Ryan, M., Gerard, K., and Amaya-Amaya, M. eds. (2008). Using Discrete Choice Experiments to Value Health and Health Care (Springer Netherlands).

A chapter in an edited book

Alarcón, B., Lucas, S., and Meseguer, J. (2010). A Dependency Pair Framework for A ∨ C-Termination. In Rewriting Logic and Its Applications: 8th International Workshop, WRLA 2010, Held as a Satellite Event of ETAPS 2010, Paphos, Cyprus, March 20-21, 2010, Revised Selected Papers Lecture Notes in Computer Science., P. C. Ölveczky, ed. (Springer), pp. 35–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Structure.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014). Motor Neurone Disease Success in Animals. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/motor-neurone-disease-success-animals/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013). Use of Remanufactured Parts in the Federal Vehicle Fleet Is Based On a Variety of Factors (U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mickels, B.J. (2010). A phenomenological research study on the formation of global business teams.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

George, R.P., and Moschella, M. (2011). Does Sex Ed Undermine Parental Rights? New York Times, A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Structure
Abbreviation	Structure
ISSN (print)	0969-2126
ISSN (online)	1878-4186
Scope	Molecular Biology Structural Biology