How to format your references using the Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nadis, S. (2000). Top physicist crosses to Boston in search of like minds. Nature 404, 798.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tao, T., and Xin, K. (2014). Public health: A sustainable plan for China’s drinking water. Nature 511, 527–528.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koedinger, K.R., Booth, J.L., and Klahr, D. (2013). Education research. Instructional complexity and the science to constrain it. Science 342, 935–937.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kan, W., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Li, R., Zou, X., Wu, H., Yang, J., and Cheng, J. (2013). Acoustic illusion near boundaries of arbitrary curved geometry. Sci. Rep. 3, 1427.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Exposito, E., and Diop, C. (2014). Smart SOA Platforms in Cloud Computing Architectures (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

An edited book

Charney, N. ed. (2016). Art Crime: Terrorists, Tomb Raiders, Forgers and Thieves (Palgrave Macmillan UK).

A chapter in an edited book

Fuentes, R., Gómez-Sanz, J.J., and Pavón, J. (2006). Requirements Elicitation for Agent-Based Applications. In Agent-Oriented Software Engineering VI: 6th International Workshop, AOSE 2005, Utrecht, The Netherlands, July 25, 2005. Revised and Invited Papers Lecture Notes in Computer Science., J. P. Müller and F. Zambonelli, eds. (Springer), pp. 40–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Structure.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017). Tornado-Like Winds May Have Scoured The Surface Of Mars. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/tornadolike-winds-may-have-scoured-the-surface-of-mars/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996). Emergency Relief: Status of the Replacement of the Cypress Viaduct (U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Danso Odei, P.K. (2017). Effective Resolution of The Bibiani-Anhwianso-Bekwai District Healthcare Delivery System: An Outcome-Based Evaluative Case.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Binder, S. (2017). A Game Plan for Senate Democrats. New York Times, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Structure
Abbreviation	Structure
ISSN (print)	0969-2126
ISSN (online)	1878-4186
Scope	Molecular Biology Structural Biology