How to format your references using the Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nutt D. Help luck along to find psychiatric medicines. Nature. 2014;515:165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H. Regulation of the immune response by antigen. Science. 2001;293:251–253.

A journal article with 3 authors

Canfield DE, Glazer AN, Falkowski PG. The evolution and future of Earth’s nitrogen cycle. Science. 2010;330:192–196.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yang B, Guo Q, Tremain B, Liu R, Barr LE, Yan Q, Gao W, Liu H, Xiang Y, Chen J, et al. Ideal Weyl points and helicoid surface states in artificial photonic crystal structures. Science. 2018;359:1013–1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fingerloos F, Hegger J, Zilch K. EUROCODE 2 für Deutschland. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

Brat G, Rungta N, Venet A, editors. NASA Formal Methods: 5th International Symposium, NFM 2013, Moffett Field, CA, USA, May 14-16, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Massari M, Motta C. Women in the Sacra Corona Unita. In: Fiandaca G, editor. Women and the Mafia. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. p. 53–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stroke.

Blog post

Luntz S. Does Education Give You Brain Cancer? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/does-education-give-you-brain-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Performance and Accountability: Challenges Facing the Department of Transportation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holman R. Music history pedagogy: Three approaches to teaching a one-semester music history survey course in accordance with the LEAP Initiative. 2014;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets’ Slide Drags On As a Lead Vanishes. New York Times. 2017;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Stroke
Abbreviation	Stroke
ISSN (print)	0039-2499
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Neurology Advanced and Specialised Nursing