How to format your references using the Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vunjak-Novakovic G. Cardiac biology: A protein for healing infarcted hearts. Nature. 2015;525:461–462.

A journal article with 2 authors

Le Borgne M, Shaw AS. Immunology. Do T cells have a cilium? Science. 2013;342:1177–1178.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dunningham J, Rau A, Burnett K. From pedigree cats to fluffy-bunnies. Science. 2005;307:872–875.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Iratni R, Yan Y-T, Chen C, Ding J, Zhang Y, Price SM, Reinberg D, Shen MM. Inhibition of excess nodal signaling during mouse gastrulation by the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1. Science. 2002;298:1996–1999.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mainardi RL. Harnessing the Power of Continuous Auditing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Rossi E. Assessing Relative Valuation in Equity Markets: Bridging Research and Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Cariou V, Cubillé J, Derquenne C, Goutier S, Guisnel F, Klajnmic H. Built-In Indicators to Discover Interesting Drill Paths in a Cube. In: Song I-Y, Eder J, Nguyen TM, editors. Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery: 10th International Conference, DaWaK 2008 Turin, Italy, September 2-5, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 33–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stroke.

Blog post

Andrew E. John Oliver Hilariously Interviews Stephen Hawking [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/john-oliver-hilariously-interviews-stephen-hawking/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Severe Storms Research Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vargas AR. Implementing modern geographic technology in the trucking industry: A case study. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller B, McKINLEY JC Jr. Connecticut Death Penalty Law Is Unconstitutional, Top State Court Says. New York Times. 2015;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Stroke
Abbreviation	Stroke
ISSN (print)	0039-2499
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Neurology Advanced and Specialised Nursing