How to format your references using the Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Danielson D. Scientist’s birthright. Nature. 2001;410:1031.

A journal article with 2 authors

Henneman ML, Memmott J. Infiltration of a Hawaiian community by introduced biological control agents. Science. 2001;293:1314–1316.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kusumbe AP, Ramasamy SK, Adams RH. Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. Nature. 2014;507:323–328.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xiao Z, Sun K, Subbiah J, Ji S, Jones DJ, Wong WWH. Hydrogen bonding in bulk heterojunction solar cells: a case study. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:5701.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boillot M. Advanced Smart Grids for Distribution System Operators: Volume 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Das P. Optimal Covariate Designs: Theory and Applications. 1st ed. 2015. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Aprea M, Feuerstein E, Sadovoy G, de Loma AS. Discrete online TSP. In: Goldberg AV, Zhou Y, editors. Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: 5th International Conference, AAIM 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 15-17, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 29–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stroke.

Blog post

Andrew D. Migraines Were Taken More Seriously In Medieval Times – Where Did We Go Wrong? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/migraines-were-taken-more-seriously-in-medieval-times-where-did-we-go-wrong/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. State Department: Problems in Compiling List of Countries Restricting Longshore Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rus EL. A grant proposal for program “Tech Connect”: Bridging the generations through technology coaching. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB. Momentum for Tax Reform, Thanks to Trump’s Tactics. New York Times. 2016;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Stroke
Abbreviation	Stroke
ISSN (print)	0039-2499
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Neurology Advanced and Specialised Nursing