How to format your references using the Sports Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keeling PJ. Genomics. Deep questions in the tree of life. Science. 2007;317:1875-1876. PMID: 17901321

A journal article with 2 authors

Padian K, Dial KP. Origin of flight: Could “four-winged” dinosaurs fly? Nature. 2005;438:E3; discussion E3-4. PMID: 16292258

A journal article with 3 authors

Staver AC, Archibald S, Levin SA. The global extent and determinants of savanna and forest as alternative biome states. Science. 2011;334:230-232. PMID: 21998389

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lavallée Y, Meredith PG, Dingwell DB, et al. Seismogenic lavas and explosive eruption forecasting. Nature. 2008;453:507-510. PMID: 18497822

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Henriksen RN. Scale Invariance. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2015.

An edited book

Holden H, Piene R, eds. The Abel Prize: 2003–2007 The First Five Years. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Ritter D, Herrmann C. A Graph API for Complex Business Network Query and Traversal. In: Dua S, Gangopadhyay A, Thulasiraman P, Straccia U, Shepherd M, Stein B, eds. Information Systems, Technology and Management: 6th International Conference, ICISTM 2012, Grenoble, France, March 28-30, 2012. Proceedings. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer; 2012:52-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Health.

Blog post

Davis J. World’s First Fluorescent Frog Discovered In The Amazon. IFLScience. Published March 14, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-first-fluorescent-frog-discovered-in-the-amazon/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Motor Vehicle Safety: Comprehensive State Programs Offer Best Opportunity for Increasing Use of Safety Belts. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richard K. College Programs in Women’s Prisons: Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Higher Education Behind Bars. George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Dreams Taste Bittersweet As a Small Store Is Sold. New York Times. August 11, 2002:145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,5,7,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Health
ISSN (print)	1941-7381
ISSN (online)	1941-0921
Scope