How to format your references using the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Herzfeld C. How the change agent has changed. Nature 2008;451:403–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Geller AM, Mathieu RD. A mass transfer origin for blue stragglers in NGC 188 as revealed by half-solar-mass companions. Nature 2011;478:356–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martinez-Perez E, Shaw P, Moore G. The Ph1 locus is needed to ensure specific somatic and meiotic centromere association. Nature 2001;411:204–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tootle TL, Silver SJ, Davies EL, Newman V, Latek RR, Mills IA, et al. The transcription factor Eyes absent is a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Nature 2003;426:299–302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Costa F, Gautier C, Labouré E, Revol B. Electromagnetic Compatibility in Power Electronics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Millman RS. Problems and Proofs in Numbers and Algebra. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Graf G, Cabezas M del M. Children’s Rights, Bodily Integrity and Poverty Alleviation. In: Gaisbauer HP, Schweiger G, Sedmak C, editors. Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 57–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation.

Blog post

Andrew E. In Praise Of The Humble Fruit Fly, Leading The Way On Cancer Research. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/praise-humble-fruit-fly-leading-way-cancer-research/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: SEMATECH’s Efforts to Strengthen the U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wick HF. Applying Natural Horn Technique to Modern Valved Horn Performance Practice. Doctoral dissertation, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2001; 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Fashion Goes Farm to Table. New York Times 2010:E8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation
Abbreviation	Effic. Mech. Eval.
ISSN (print)	2050-4365
ISSN (online)	2050-4373
Scope