How to format your references using the Spectroscopy Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spectroscopy Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rabitz, H. Chemistry. Strong-arming molecular dynamics. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2006, 314(5797), 264–265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Correia, A.C.M.; Laskar, J. Mercury’s capture into the 3/2 spin-orbit resonance as a result of its chaotic dynamics. Nature 2004, 429(6994), 848–850.

A journal article with 3 authors

Quax, R.; Kandhai, D.; Sloot, P.M.A. Information dissipation as an early-warning signal for the Lehman Brothers collapse in financial time series. Scientific reports 2013, 3, 1898.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gao, R.; Cui, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, L. Multifunctional interface modification of energy relay dye in quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells. Scientific reports 2014, 4, 5570.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yevick, D.; Yevick, H. Fundamental Math and Physics for Scientists and Engineers; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Anastassiou, G.A. Intelligent Routines: Solving Mathematical Analysis with Matlab, Mathcad, Mathematica and Maple; I.F. Iatan, Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Altić, M.S. Exploring Along the Rome Meridian: Roger Boscovich and the First Modern Map of the Papal States. In History of Cartography: International Symposium of the ICA, 2012; E. Liebenberg, P. Collier, Z.G. Török, Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014, 71–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spectroscopy Letters.

Blog post

Taub, B. Manta Rays Are Not Long-Distance Migrators, Study Reveals. IFLScience: 2016, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/manta-rays-not-long-distance-migrators-study-reveals/ [Oct 30 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Air Force Supply: Management Actions Create Spare Parts Shortages and Operations Problems; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thomas, L.E. Youth Art Ambassadors: A Youth Participatory Action Research Project Using Social Justice to Incite Change in Classrooms where Teachers Teach Young People of Color. [Doctoral dissertation] California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. Sergeant Says He Faced Taunts at Work After Learning He’s Part Black; 2017, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Spectroscopy Letters
Abbreviation	Spectrosc. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0038-7010
ISSN (online)	1532-2289
Scope	Analytical Chemistry Spectroscopy Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics