How to format your references using the Spatial Demography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial Demography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butterfield, N. J. (2011). Paleontology. Terminal developments in Ediacaran embryology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6063), 1655–1656.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gascon, C., & Smith, M. L. (2004). Ecology. Where rivers meet. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5692), 1922–1923.

A journal article with 3 authors

Abramson, J., Paz, A., & Philipson, K. D. (2012). Structural biology. It’s all in the symmetry. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6069), 669–670.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wittkopp, P. J., Stewart, E. E., Arnold, L. L., Neidert, A. H., Haerum, B. K., Thompson, E. M., et al. (2009). Intraspecific polymorphism to interspecific divergence: genetics of pigmentation in Drosophila. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5952), 540–544.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thompson, D., Hogan, J. D., & Clark, P. M. (2012). Developmental Psychology in Historical Perspective. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Osipov, A. (2013). Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions of Order Zero: Mathematical Tools for Bandlimited Approximation. (V. Rokhlin & H. Xiao, Eds.) (Vol. 187). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Cooper, M. C., El Mouelhi, A., Terrioux, C., & Zanuttini, B. (2014). On Broken Triangles. In B. O’Sullivan (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming: 20th International Conference, CP 2014, Lyon, France, September 8-12, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 9–24). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial Demography.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, May 29). The Oldest Organisms In The World. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1985). Status of Farmers Home Administration Efforts To Install Office Automation (No. IMTEC-86-1BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Borisova-Kidder, A. (2006). Meta-Analytical Estimates of Values of Environmental Services Enhanced by Government Agricultural Conservation Programs (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Holden, S. (2015, February 13). Binghamton Just Isn’t Hollywood. New York Times, p. C10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Butterfield 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Butterfield 2011; Gascon and Smith 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gascon and Smith 2004)
Three or more authors: (Wittkopp et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial Demography
Abbreviation	Spat. Demogr.
ISSN (print)	2364-2289
ISSN (online)	2164-7070
Scope

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