How to format your references using the Spatial Demography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial Demography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sessler, A. M. (2000). Setbacks don’t dampen the energy of US physics. Nature, 405(6788), 733.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bongaarts, J., & Sinding, S. (2011). Population policy in transition in the developing world. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6042), 574–576.

A journal article with 3 authors

Young, K. V., Brodie, E. D., Jr, & Brodie, E. D., 3rd. (2004). How the horned lizard got its horns. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5667), 65.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Chow, B. Y., Han, X., Dobry, A. S., Qian, X., Chuong, A. S., Li, M., et al. (2010). High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by light-driven proton pumps. Nature, 463(7277), 98–102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chowdhury, D., & Stauffer, D. (2005). Principles of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Milutinović, V. (2015). Guide to DataFlow Supercomputing: Basic Concepts, Case Studies, and a Detailed Example. (J. Salom, N. Trifunovic, & R. Giorgi, Eds.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Heinisch, M., Reichel, E. K., & Jakoby, B. (2012). On the Modelling of Resonating Fluid Sensors. In R. Moreno-Díaz, F. Pichler, & A. Quesada-Arencibia (Eds.), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011: 13th International Conference, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, February 6-11, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Part II (pp. 25–32). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial Demography.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, April 29). Scientists Have Discovered A Fourth State Of Water. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/new-quantum-state-water-discovered/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). Corrective Actions Taken or in Process To Reduce Job Corps’ Vulnerability to Improper Use of Contracting Authority (No. HRD-83-66). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ponder, K. (2017). Easing Stress by Helping Others: How Corporate Volunteer Programs Impact the Stress of Employees Within an Organization (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Benanav, M. (2017, August 28). A Way of Life, Fading Away. New York Times, p. TR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sessler 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Bongaarts and Sinding 2011; Sessler 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bongaarts and Sinding 2011)
Three or more authors: (Chow et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial Demography
Abbreviation	Spat. Demogr.
ISSN (print)	2364-2289
ISSN (online)	2164-7070
Scope

Research and Writing Guides