How to format your references using the Spatial Demography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial Demography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Collins, S. L. (2009). Ecology. Biodiversity under global change. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5958), 1353–1354.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pizzari, T., & Birkhead, T. R. (2000). Female feral fowl eject sperm of subdominant males. Nature, 405(6788), 787–789.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nandal, P., Ravella, S. R., & Kuhad, R. C. (2013). Laccase production by Coriolopsis caperata RCK2011: optimization under solid state fermentation by Taguchi DOE methodology. Scientific reports, 3, 1386.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Darling, K. F., Wade, C. M., Stewart, I. A., Kroon, D., Dingle, R., & Brown, A. J. (2000). Molecular evidence for genetic mixing of Arctic and Antarctic subpolar populations of planktonic foraminifers. Nature, 405(6782), 43–47.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lau, V. K. N., & Ricky Kwok, Y.-K. (2006). Channel-Adaptive Technologies and Cross-Layer Designs for Wireless Systems with Multiple Antennas. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gao, H., Lim, L., Wang, W., Li, C., & Chen, L. (Eds.). (2012). Web-Age Information Management: 13th International Conference, WAIM 2012, Harbin, China, August 18-20, 2012. Proceedings (Vol. 7418). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, Y., Corder, E. H., & Corder, L. S. (2006). Disability Patterns for Us Elderly Nursing Home Residents Over Two Decades: Findings from the 1973 to 1997 National Nursing Home Surveys. In Z. Yi, E. M. Crimmins, Y. Carrière, & J.-M. Robine (Eds.), Longer Life and Healthy Aging (pp. 35–47). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial Demography.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, September 8). This Ancient Bug Within A Lizard Within A Snake Will Blow Your Mind. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/this-ancient-bug-within-a-lizard-within-a-snake-will-blow-your-mind/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Capitalization and Use of the Automatic Data Processing Fund That Is Administered by the General Services Administration (No. B-115369). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chavez, G. (2017). Creating Integrated, Inquiry Science Lessons Based on Early Childhood Science Activities (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D. A. (2004, June 18). 36 Hours | Williamsburg, Va. New York Times, p. F5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Collins 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Collins 2009; Pizzari and Birkhead 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pizzari and Birkhead 2000)
Three or more authors: (Darling et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial Demography
Abbreviation	Spat. Demogr.
ISSN (print)	2364-2289
ISSN (online)	2164-7070
Scope