How to format your references using the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thauer RK. Enzymology. Nickel to the fore. Science 2001;293(5533):1264–1265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson MJ, Dixson AF. Sperm competition: motility and the midpiece in primates. Nature 2002;416(6880):496.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang S, Bai M, Wang L. General and facile surface functionalization of hydrophobic nanocrystals with poly(amino acid) for cell luminescence imaging. Sci Rep 2013;3:2023.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bailes M, Bates SD, Bhalerao V, et al. Transformation of a star into a planet in a millisecond pulsar binary. Science 2011;333(6050):1717–1720.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Recognizing Catastrophic Incident Warning Signs in the Process Industries. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011;

An edited book

Richards D, Kang BH, editors. Knowledge Management and Acquisition for Intelligent Systems: 12th Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, PKAW 2012, Kuching, Malaysia, September 5-6, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012;

A chapter in an edited book

Tamene L, Vlek PLG. Soil Erosion Studies in Northern Ethiopia. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG, editors. Land Use and Soil Resources. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008; p. 73–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Brilliant Minds Answer The Question: What Scientific Idea Is Ready For Retirement? [Homepage on the Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brilliant-minds-answer-question-what-scientific-idea-ready-retirement/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Urgent Issues Need to Be Addressed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Joseph WR. Physical Characterization of Vernix Caseosa: Implications for Biological Function. 2002;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Can’t Quit Mother Russia. New York Times. 2017;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
ISSN (print)	1608-9693
ISSN (online)	2078-6751
Scope