How to format your references using the South African Journal of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Journal of Physiotherapy (SAJP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sanderson, K., 2011, ‘Lignocellulose: A chewy problem’, Nature, 474(7352), S12-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li, N. & DiCarlo, J.J., 2008, ‘Unsupervised natural experience rapidly alters invariant object representation in visual cortex’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5895), 1502–1507.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murakami, K.S., Masuda, S. & Darst, S.A., 2002, ‘Structural basis of transcription initiation: RNA polymerase holoenzyme at 4 A resolution’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1280–1284.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, Z., Lee, J., He, K., Shan, J. & Feng, P.X.-L., 2014, ‘Embracing structural nonidealities and asymmetries in two-dimensional nanomechanical resonators’, Scientific reports, 4, 3919.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Welker, R.W., Nagarajan, R. & Newberg, C.E., 2005, Contamination and ESD Control in High-Technology Manufacturing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Pinaud, R. & Tremere, L.A. (eds.), 2006, Immediate Early Genes in Sensory Processing, Cognitive Performance and Neurological Disorders, Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Miyamoto, S., 2009, ‘Generalized Bags, Bag Relations, and Applications to Data Analysis and Decision Making’, in V. Torra, Y. Narukawa & M. Inuiguchi (eds.), Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence: 6th International Conference, MDAI 2009, Awaji Island, Japan, November 30–December 2, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science., pp. 37–54, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Journal of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2017, Scientists Crack The Secret To Graphene’s Superconductivity, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977, Impoundments of Funds of Energy Research and Development Administration and Department of Commerce, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reece, J.K., 2017, Reservoir Facies Analysis of Middle Miocene Turbidites in Marlin, Dorado, and Nile Fields; Viosca Knoll, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico – PhD thesis, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O. & Schuessler, J., 2013, Jane, Plain No More: A Year of Austen Glamour, New York Times, p. C28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sanderson 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Li & DiCarlo 2008; Sanderson 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li & DiCarlo 2008)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Journal of Physiotherapy
ISSN (print)	0379-6175
ISSN (online)	2410-8219
Scope