How to format your references using the Sophia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sophia (SOPHIA). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zeng, W. (2008). China’s challenge. Nature, 452(7190), 1028–1029.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sheppard, S. S., & Trujillo, C. A. (2010). Detection of a trailing (L5) Neptune Trojan. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5997), 1304.

A journal article with 3 authors

Royle, S. J., Bright, N. A., & Lagnado, L. (2005). Clathrin is required for the function of the mitotic spindle. Nature, 434(7037), 1152–1157.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

LeCouter, J., Moritz, D. R., Li, B., Phillips, G. L., Liang, X. H., Gerber, H.-P., et al. (2003). Angiogenesis-independent endothelial protection of liver: role of VEGFR-1. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5608), 890–893.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perez, R. X., & Conkey, A. P. (2016). Troubleshooting Rotating Machinery. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kath, E. (Ed.). (2016). Australian-Latin American Relations: New Links in a Changing Global Landscape. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Syme, D., Granicz, A., & Cisternino, A. (2012). Understanding Types in Functional Programming. In A. Granicz & A. Cisternino (Eds.), Expert F# 3.0 (pp. 81–109). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sophia.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, July 2). Kangaroos Have Five Legs. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). Space Shuttle Safety: Update on NASA’s Progress in Revitalizing the Shuttle Workforce and Making Safety Upgrades (No. GAO-01-1122T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ladendorff, M. Z. (2014). The effect of North American Electric Reliability Corporation critical infrastructure protection standards on bulk electric system reliability (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bernstein, N. (2014, May 9). Medicaid Shift Fuels Rush for Profitable Clients. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zeng 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Sheppard and Trujillo 2010; Zeng 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sheppard and Trujillo 2010)
Three or more authors: (LeCouter et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sophia
ISSN (print)	0038-1527
ISSN (online)	1873-930X
Scope	Philosophy Religious studies