How to format your references using the Sophia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sophia (SOPHIA). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Banda, E. (2002). Science in Europe. Implementing the European research area. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5554), 443.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ramesh, R., & Schlom, D. G. (2002). Materials science. Orienting ferroelectric films. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5575), 1975–1976.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feurer, T., Vaughan, J. C., & Nelson, K. A. (2003). Spatiotemporal coherent control of lattice vibrational waves. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5605), 374–377.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Haag, S. M., Gulen, M. F., Reymond, L., Gibelin, A., Abrami, L., Decout, A., et al. (2018). Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors. Nature, 559(7713), 269–273.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sokhanvar, S., Dargahi, J., Najarian, S., & Arbatani, S. (2012). Tactile Sensing and Displays. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Marani, E. (2014). The Pelvis: Structure, Gender and Society. (W. F. R. M. Koch, Ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cox, P., & Edwards, D. (2014). Restructuring Teaching and Learning in Open-Plan Schools. In V. Prain, P. Cox, C. Deed, D. Edwards, C. Farrelly, M. Keeffe, et al. (Eds.), Adapting to Teaching and Learning in Open-Plan Schools (pp. 61–78). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sophia.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, December 29). Why Do Elephants Bellow But Whales Squeak Like A Mouse? IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Information Security: Coordination of Federal Cyber Security Research and Development (No. GAO-06-811). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Potter, R. H. (2009). Diffusion of oxygen and lithium isotopes at a contact between the Bushveld Complex and metasedimentary rock: Implications for the timescale of Phepane Dome diapirism (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, August 6). The Promoter Is an Indie. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Banda 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Banda 2002; Ramesh and Schlom 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ramesh and Schlom 2002)
Three or more authors: (Haag et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sophia
ISSN (print)	0038-1527
ISSN (online)	1873-930X
Scope	Philosophy Religious studies