How to format your references using the Solid Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solid Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bodelier, P.L.E., 2015. Sustainability: Bypassing the methane cycle. Nature 523, 534–535.

A journal article with 2 authors

Panian, J., Wiltschko, D., 2004. Ramp initiation in a thrust wedge. Nature 427, 624–627.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zahidi, E.M., Oudghiri-Hassani, H., McBreen, P.H., 2001. Formation of thermally stable alkylidene layers on a catalytically active surface. Nature 409, 1023–1026.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schreier, W.J., Schrader, T.E., Koller, F.O., Gilch, P., Crespo-Hernández, C.E., Swaminathan, V.N., Carell, T., Zinth, W., Kohler, B., 2007. Thymine dimerization in DNA is an ultrafast photoreaction. Science 315, 625–629.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Islam, M.R., Islam, J.S., Zatzman, G.M., Mughal, M.A.H., Rahman, M.S., 2016. The Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering. John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nambiar, R., Poess, M. (Eds.), 2009. Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking: First TPC Technology Conference, TPCTC 2009, Lyon, France, August 24-28, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Chang, S., 2013. Laziness by Need, in: Felleisen, M., Gardner, P. (Eds.), Programming Languages and Systems: 22nd European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2013, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2013, Rome, Italy, March 16-24, 2013. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 81–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solid Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. The Horrifying Reason That Your Eyes Go Red In The Pool [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Social Security Numbers: More Could be Done to Protect SSNs (No. GAO-06-586T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wosu, U.L., 2017. Geochemical Analysis of Late Pleistocene Sediments from Fossil Lake, Northern Lake County, Oregon (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B., 2017. Tennis; Azarenka Returns With a Victory. New York Times B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bodelier, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bodelier, 2015; Panian and Wiltschko, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Panian and Wiltschko, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Schreier et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solid Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	Solid Earth Sci.
ISSN (print)	2451-912X
Scope