How to format your references using the Solid Earth Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solid Earth Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heimsath, A. M.: Geochemistry. Limits of soil production?, Science, 343, 617–618, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang, X. and Su, H.: Cuprate-like electronic properties in superlattices with Ag(II)F₂ square sheet, Sci. Rep., 4, 5420, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Laland, K. N., Odling-Smee, J., and Feldman, M. W.: Causing a commotion, Nature, 429, 609, 2004.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Pasupathy, A. N., Bialczak, R. C., Martinek, J., Grose, J. E., Donev, L. A. K., McEuen, P. L., and Ralph, D. C.: The Kondo effect in the presence of ferromagnetism, Science, 306, 86–89, 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wells, A. R. and Chiang, K.: Monetizing Your Data, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2017.

An edited book

Santos, J. E.: Numerical Simulation in Applied Geophysics, edited by: Gauzellino, P. M., Springer International Publishing, Cham, XV, 309 p pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Gupta, D. and Wang, W.-Y.: Patient Appointments in Ambulatory Care, in: Handbook of Healthcare System Scheduling, edited by: Hall, R., Springer US, Boston, MA, 65–104, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solid Earth Discussions.

Blog post

One Of The World’s Rarest And Most Elusive Whales Has Been Captured On Camera For The First Time: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/one-of-the-worlds-rarest-and-most-elusive-whales-has-been-captured-on-camera-for-the-first-time/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: U.S. Merchant Marine: Maritime Administration Should Assess Potential Mariner-Training Needs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Christiansen, L. M.: The impact of high quality professional development on student achievement in the state of Missouri, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W.: Puerto Rico’s Debt Rescue Plan Is Being Called Into Question, New York Times, 17th September, B5, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heimsath, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Heimsath, 2014; Yang and Su, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yang and Su, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Pasupathy et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solid Earth Discussions
Abbreviation	Solid Earth Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1869-9537
Scope