How to format your references using the Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van der Greef, J.: Perspective: All systems go, Nature, 480, S87, 2011.

A journal article with 2 authors

Long, F. and Shi, H.: Simple and compact optode for real-time in-situ temperature detection in very small samples, Sci. Rep., 4, 5009, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, J., Han, D., and Zhao, Y.-P.: Kinetic behaviour of the cells touching substrate: the interfacial stiffness guides cell spreading, Sci. Rep., 4, 3910, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Petiteau, D., Guenneau, S., Bellieud, M., Zerrad, M., and Amra, C.: Spectral effectiveness of engineered thermal cloaks in the frequency regime, Sci. Rep., 4, 7386, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Teague, K. A. and Gallicchio, N.: The Evolution of Meteorology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

Ślęzak, D., Kim, T.-H., Kiumi, A., Jiang, T., Verner, J., and Abrahão, S. (Eds.): Advances in Software Engineering: International Conference on Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications, ASEA 2009 Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2009, Jeju Island, Korea, December 10-12, 2009. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XIV, 348 p pp., 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, J.: Energy-Aware On-Chip Networks, in: Energy-Aware System Design: Algorithms and Architectures, edited by: Kyung, C.-M. and Yoo, S., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 93–118, 2011.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solid Earth.

Blog post

Report Warns Of Human-Induced Earthquakes:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Job Training Partnership Act: Actions Needed to Improve Participant Support Services, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Havill, N. L.: Therapeutic landscapes for birth: A research synthesis, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K.: Street-Cleaning Rules Are Whisked Away, And Drivers Get a Little Patch of Heaven, New York Times, 24th February, 144, 2002.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (van der Greef, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (van der Greef, 2011; Long and Shi, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Long and Shi, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Petiteau et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solid Earth
Abbreviation	Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	1869-9510
ISSN (online)	1869-9529
Scope	Soil Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Geology Geophysics Palaeontology Stratigraphy