How to format your references using the Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ciesla, F. J.: Planetary science. Observing our origins, Science, 319, 1488–1489, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coombs, R. and Georghiou, L.: Research and development. A new “industrial ecology,” Science, 296, 471, 2002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jia, C. L., Lentzen, M., and Urban, K.: Atomic-resolution imaging of oxygen in perovskite ceramics, Science, 299, 870–873, 2003.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Brar, G. A., Kiburz, B. M., Zhang, Y., Kim, J.-E., White, F., and Amon, A.: Rec8 phosphorylation and recombination promote the step-wise loss of cohesins in meiosis, Nature, 441, 532–536, 2006.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Michael, E., Gillian, H., Stefan, K., and Alex, L.: Gramsci, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2012.

An edited book

Doucet, I. and Janssens, N. (Eds.): Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production in Architecture and Urbanism: Towards Hybrid Modes of Inquiry, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, XVI, 136 p pp., 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Sanchez-Infantes, D. and Stephens, J. M.: Role of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome, in: A Systems Biology Approach to Study Metabolic Syndrome, edited by: Orešič, M. and Vidal-Puig, A., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 63–83, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solid Earth.

Blog post

Watch A Katana-Wielding Robot Battle A Human Samurai Sword Master: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/watch-katana-wielding-robot-battle-human-samurai-sword-master/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Use of Computerized Information for Local and National Health Care Planning Purposes, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Starr, M. J.: Tests for Positive Selection on Genes Encoding Heat Shock Proteins in the Marine Slipper Snail, Crepidula fornicata, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman, W.: Colombia Rebels End Truce After a Government Attack, New York Times, 23rd May, A6, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ciesla, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Ciesla, 2008; Coombs and Georghiou, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Coombs and Georghiou, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Brar et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solid Earth
Abbreviation	Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	1869-9510
ISSN (online)	1869-9529
Scope	Soil Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Geology Geophysics Palaeontology Stratigraphy