How to format your references using the Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. Marshall, BIOTECHNOLOGY:Disease Group Invests in Do-It-Yourself Drugs, Science 288 (2000) 1715b–7b.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T.J. Karels, R. Boonstra, Concurrent density dependence and independence in populations of arctic ground squirrels, Nature 408 (2000) 460–463.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Tong, S. Meagher, B. Vollenhoven, Sonography: dizygotic twin survival in early pregnancy, Nature 416 (2002) 142.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

N. Mukhtasimova, W.Y. Lee, H.-L. Wang, S.M. Sine, Detection and trapping of intermediate states priming nicotinic receptor channel opening, Nature 459 (2009) 451–454.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Nedoma, J. Stehlík, I. Hlaváček, J. Daněk, T. Dostálová, P. Přečková, Mathematical and Computational Methods in Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

J.C. Dagar, P.C. Sharma, D.K. Sharma, A.K. Singh, eds., Innovative Saline Agriculture, Springer India, New Delhi, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Torzilli, M. Donadon, M. Cimino, Diagnosis and Staging: Intraoperative Ultrasound, in: G. Torzilli (Ed.), Ultrasound-Guided Liver Surgery: An Atlas, Springer, Milano, 2014: pp. 43–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Editing Stem Cells Could Stop HIV From Invading the Immune System, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/editing-stem-cells-could-stop-hiv-invading-immune-system/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Information Technology: Implementation of IT Reform Law and Related Initiatives Can Help Improve Acquisitions, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B.K. Butler, Error Floors of LDPC Codes and Related Topics, Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, In 15 Hours, Submarine Kursk Is Raised From Sea Floor, New York Times (2001) A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
Abbreviation	Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
ISSN (print)	0927-0248
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Surfaces, Coatings and Films