How to format your references using the Sociology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sociology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Govindan R (2014) Cancer. Attack of the clones. Science (New York, N.Y.) 346(6206): 169–170.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mo F and Dong G (2014) C-H bond activation. Regioselective ketone α-alkylation with simple olefins via dual activation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 345(6192): 68–72.

A journal article with 3 authors

Packer C, Pusey AE and Eberly LE (2001) Egalitarianism in female African lions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 293(5530): 690–693.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gu M, Xiao X-C, Liu G, et al. (2014) Mesoscale origin of the enhanced cycling-stability of the Si-conductive polymer anode for Li-ion batteries. Scientific reports 4: 3684.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Williamson T (2013) Identity and Discrimination. The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Zhang K-Q and Hyde KD (eds) (2014) Nematode-Trapping Fungi. Fungal Diversity Research Series. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Gupta S and Garg ML (2014) Diversity Maintenance Perspective: An Analysis of Exploratory Power and Function Optimization in the Context of Adaptive Genetic Algorithms. In: Babu BV, Nagar A, Deep K, et al. (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving (SocProS 2012), December 28-30, 2012. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. New Delhi: Springer India, pp. 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sociology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) NASA To Announce A Huge Discovery Outside The Solar System This Wednesday. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-to-announce-huge-discovery-outside-the-solar-system-this-wednesday/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Strategic Sourcing: Improved and Expanded Use Could Provide Procurement Savings for Federal Information Technology. GAO-13-408T, 27 February. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kuru IC (2013) Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing and Assignment in No-Notice Evacuations. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK (2003) World Briefing | Europe: Britain: Russian Tycoon Receives Asylum. New York Times, 11 September.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Govindan, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Govindan, 2014; Mo and Dong, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mo and Dong, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Gu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sociology
Abbreviation	Sociology
ISSN (print)	0038-0385
ISSN (online)	1469-8684
Scope	Sociology and Political Science