How to format your references using the Societies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Societies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ryan, A.J. Journal Club. A Chemist Welcomes an Ingenious Advance in Plastics Technology. Nature 2009, 458, 553.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shekhawat, G.S.; Dravid, V.P. Nanoscale Imaging of Buried Structures via Scanning Near-Field Ultrasound Holography. Science 2005, 310, 89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith, J.; Van Dyken, J.D.; Zee, P.C. A Generalization of Hamilton’s Rule for the Evolution of Microbial Cooperation. Science 2010, 328, 1700–1703.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tu, X.; Manohar, S.; Jagota, A.; Zheng, M. DNA Sequence Motifs for Structure-Specific Recognition and Separation of Carbon Nanotubes. Nature 2009, 460, 250–253.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Samuel, G.R. Formulas and Calculations for Drilling Operations; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2010; ISBN 9781118010235.

An edited book

Everyday Youth Literacies: Critical Perspectives for New Times; Sanford, K., Rogers, T., Kendrick, M., Eds.; Cultural Studies and Transdisciplinarity in Education; Springer: Singapore, 2014; Vol. 1; ISBN 9789814451024.

A chapter in an edited book

Liu, Y.; Chen, L. Control of Chaotic Attitude Motion. In Chaos in Attitude Dynamics of Spacecraft; Chen, L., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 131–163 ISBN 9783642300790.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Societies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. The Tropical Steam-Engine: How Does El Niño Warm The Entire Globe? (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Earth Observing System: NASA’s EOSDIS Development Approach Is Risky; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1992;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hurwitz, B.L. Viral Community Dynamics and Functional Specialization in the Pacific Ocean. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona: Tucson, AZ, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Officers Cleared Of Chechen Deaths. New York Times 2005, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Societies
Abbreviation	Societies (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2075-4698
Scope

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