How to format your references using the Societies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Societies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donath, J. Computer Science. Virtually Trustworthy. Science 2007, 317, 53–54.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watanabe, R.; Noji, H. Characterization of the Temperature-Sensitive Reaction of F1-ATPase by Using Single-Molecule Manipulation. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4962.

A journal article with 3 authors

Betrouche, M.; Maamache, M.; Choi, J.R. Novel Characteristics of Energy Spectrum for 3D Dirac Oscillator Analyzed via Lorentz Covariant Deformed Algebra. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3221.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hayashi, F.; Smith, K.D.; Ozinsky, A.; Hawn, T.R.; Yi, E.C.; Goodlett, D.R.; Eng, J.K.; Akira, S.; Underhill, D.M.; Aderem, A. The Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Flagellin Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 5. Nature 2001, 410, 1099–1103.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bennett, M.R.; Hacker, P.M.S. History of Cognitive Neuroscience; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781118394267.

An edited book

Linge, S. Programming for Computations - Python: A Gentle Introduction to Numerical Simulations with Python; Langtangen, H.P., Ed.; Texts in Computational Science and Engineering; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 15; ISBN 9783319324272.

A chapter in an edited book

Jobst, A.A. A Primer on Structured Finance. In Derivatives and Hedge Funds; Satchell, S., Ed.; Palgrave Macmillan UK: London, 2016; pp. 72–90 ISBN 9781349558285.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Societies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. The MESSENGER Spacecraft Has Crashed Into Mercury Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/final-salute-space-hero-messenger-it-crashes-mercury/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Corps of Engineers Electronic Signature System; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1996;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pee, G.-Y. Sonochemical Remediation of Freshwater Sediments Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. Fears Both Small (Cats) and Large (Apocalypse). New York Times 2017, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Societies
Abbreviation	Societies (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2075-4698
Scope