How to format your references using the Societies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Societies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crepp, J.R. Astronomy. Improving Planet-Finding Spectrometers. Science 2014, 346, 809–810.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kosak, S.T.; Groudine, M. Gene Order and Dynamic Domains. Science 2004, 306, 644–647.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pawlowski, B.; Dunbar, R.I.; Lipowicz, A. Tall Men Have More Reproductive Success. Nature 2000, 403, 156.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Moghaddam, E.; Teoh, B.-T.; Sam, S.-S.; Lani, R.; Hassandarvish, P.; Chik, Z.; Yueh, A.; Abubakar, S.; Zandi, K. Baicalin, a Metabolite of Baicalein with Antiviral Activity against Dengue Virus. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5452.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis, J.H. Statistics for Compensation; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9780470946428.

An edited book

Theoretical and Experimental Sonochemistry Involving Inorganic Systems; Ashokkumar, M., Ed.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2011; ISBN 9789048138869.

A chapter in an edited book

Martin, D.; Rouncefield, M.; Sharrock, W. Complex Organisational Responsibilities: The Ladbroke Grove Rail Inquiry. In Responsibility and Dependable Systems; Dewsbury, G., Dobson, J., Eds.; Springer: London, 2007; pp. 66–87 ISBN 9781846286254.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Societies.

Blog post

Davis, J. Midwinter Heatwave Predicted To Hit The Arctic Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/midwinter-heatwave-predicted-to-hit-the-arctic/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Planned Use of Information Technology for the Space Station; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1987;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watson, D.J. How the Lead Systems Integrator Experience Should Enhance Efforts to Rebuild the Defense Acquisition Workforce. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burton, S. How to Talk to Strangers. New York Times 2015, MM34.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Societies
Abbreviation	Societies (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2075-4698
Scope