How to format your references using the Social Semiotics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Social Semiotics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Montanarella, Luca. 2015. “Agricultural Policy: Govern Our Soils.” Nature 528 (7580): 32–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

Surani, Azim, and Julia Tischler. 2012. “Stem Cells: A Sporadic Super State.” Nature 487 (7405): 43–45.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaminski, Juliane, Josep Call, and Julia Fischer. 2004. “Word Learning in a Domestic Dog: Evidence for ‘Fast Mapping.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 304 (5677): 1682–1683.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Tritsch, Nicolas X., Eunyoung Yi, Jonathan E. Gale, Elisabeth Glowatzki, and Dwight E. Bergles. 2007. “The Origin of Spontaneous Activity in the Developing Auditory System.” Nature 450 (7166): 50–55.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

van Helvoort, Huub. 2005. Next Generation SDH/SONET. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ogden, Ray W., and David J. Steigmann, eds. 2011. Mechanics and Electrodynamics of Magneto- and Electro-Elastic Materials. Vol. 527. CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences. Vienna: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Boureanu, Ioana, Aikaterini Mitrokotsa, and Serge Vaudenay. 2014. “Towards Secure Distance Bounding.” In Fast Software Encryption: 20th International Workshop, FSE 2013, Singapore, March 11-13, 2013. Revised Selected Papers, edited by Shiho Moriai, 55–67. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Social Semiotics.

Blog post

Hamilton, Kristy. 2015. “This Is What Niagara Falls Looks Like When It Freezes Over.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Federal Family Education Loan Program: Statutory and Regulatory Changes Could Avert Billions in Unnecessary Federal Subsidy Payments. GAO-04-1070. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ehsani, Salar. 2014. “Design of a Teleoperation – Based Robotic Surgical System.” Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Finnegan, John. 2017. “‘You Don’t Call Me.’” New York Times, August 22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Montanarella 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Montanarella 2015; Surani and Tischler 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Surani and Tischler 2012)
Three authors: (Kaminski, Call, and Fischer 2004)
4 or more authors: (Tritsch et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Social Semiotics
ISSN (print)	1035-0330
ISSN (online)	1470-1219
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language Communication Cultural Studies