How to format your references using the Social Semiotics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Social Semiotics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Powell, Kendall. 2004. “Analyse This.” Nature 431 (7010): 880–881.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gunanathan, Chidambaram, and David Milstein. 2013. “Applications of Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Related Transformations in Chemical Synthesis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 341 (6143): 1229712.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grzybowski, B. A., H. A. Stone, and G. M. Whitesides. 2000. “Dynamic Self-Assembly of Magnetized, Millimetre-Sized Objects Rotating at a Liquid-Air Interface.” Nature 405 (6790): 1033–1036.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Song, Wooseok, Soon Yeol Kwon, Sung Myung, Min Wook Jung, Seong Jun Kim, Bok Ki Min, Min-A Kang, Sung Ho Kim, Jongsun Lim, and Ki-Seok An. 2014. “High-Mobility Ambipolar ZnO-Graphene Hybrid Thin Film Transistors.” Scientific Reports 4 (February): 4064.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Laykin, Erik. 2013. Investigative Computer Forensics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Guardo, Elena. 2015. Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay Sets of Points in P^1 x P^1. Edited by Adam Van Tuyl. SpringerBriefs in Mathematics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Conder, Marston D. E., Young Soo Kwon, and Jozef Širáň. 2014. “On External Symmetry Groups of Regular Maps.” In Rigidity and Symmetry, edited by Robert Connelly, Asia Ivić Weiss, and Walter Whiteley, 87–96. Fields Institute Communications. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Social Semiotics.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “How Far Off Is A Blood Test For Alzheimer’s Disease?” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. National Aero-Space Plane: A Need for Program Direction and Funding Decisions. NSIAD-93-207. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson, Ebenezer A. 2012. “Exploring the Barriers to Online-Business Profitability for Small Business.” Doctoral dissertation, Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, John. 2017. “Australia Through American Eyes.” New York Times, June 26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Powell 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Powell 2004; Gunanathan and Milstein 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gunanathan and Milstein 2013)
Three authors: (Grzybowski, Stone, and Whitesides 2000)
4 or more authors: (Song et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Social Semiotics
ISSN (print)	1035-0330
ISSN (online)	1470-1219
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language Communication Cultural Studies