How to format your references using the SMARTT citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for SMARTT. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dolgin E. Therapeutics: Negative feedback. Nature. 2014;508:S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hubbell JA, Chilkoti A. Chemistry. Nanomaterials for drug delivery. Science. 2012;337:303–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Daeschler EB, Shubin NH, Jenkins FA Jr. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature. 2006;440:757–63.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cui X, Liang Q, Liang Y, Lu M, Ding Y, Lu B. TR-FRET assays of Huntingtin protein fragments reveal temperature and polyQ length-dependent conformational changes. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5601.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Arendt JS, Lorenzo DK. Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2000.

An edited book

1. Shayler DJ. NASA’s Scientist-Astronauts. New York, NY: Praxis; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Angosto C, López-Pellicer M. Compactness and Distances to Spaces of Continuous Functions and Fréchet Spaces. In: Ferrando JC, López-Pellicer M, editors. Descriptive Topology and Functional Analysis: In Honour of Jerzy Kakol’s 60th Birthday. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 75–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for SMARTT.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Watch SpaceX Launch Their Reusable Rocket LIVE. IFLScience. 2015. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Traffic Safety Data: State Data System Quality Varies and Limited Resources and Coordination Can Inhibit Further Progress. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shaker M. Design of Front End Circuits for a Low Power Ultra Wide Band Receiver. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. For the Mets, ‘Who’s on First?’ Isn’t a Punch Line. New York Times. 2011;:B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	SMARTT
ISSN (print)	0000-0000
Scope