How to format your references using the SMARTT citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for SMARTT. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grant PM. Superconductivity. Currents without borders. Nature. 2000;407:139–41.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Blau WJ, Fleming AJ. Materials science. Designer nanotubes by molecular self-assembly. Science. 2004;304:1457–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Vukusic P, Hallam B, Noyes J. Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales. Science. 2007;315:348.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tyson GW, Chapman J, Hugenholtz P, Allen EE, Ram RJ, Richardson PM, et al. Community structure and metabolism through reconstruction of microbial genomes from the environment. Nature. 2004;428:37–43.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Daïan J-F. Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 1. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Schwab M, editor. Encyclopedia of Cancer. 3rd edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Auerbach JE, Bongard JC. Evolving Monolithic Robot Controllers through Incremental Shaping. In: Doncieux S, Bredèche N, Mouret J-B, editors. New Horizons in Evolutionary Robotics: Extended Contributions from the 2009 EvoDeRob Workshop. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 55–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for SMARTT.

Blog post

1. Taub B. The FDA Has Agreed To Let Scientists Turn MDMA Into A Medicine. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fda-agreed-let-scientists-turn-mdma-into-medicine/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Guidance for Equipment Acquired Under Grants and Cooperative Agreements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Spisak GM. Particulation. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dorman JL. How the Writer Cathy Salustri Found ‘Old Flordia.’ New York Times. 2017;:TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	SMARTT
ISSN (print)	0000-0000
Scope