How to format your references using the SMARTT citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for SMARTT. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Koen D. Nuts and bolts. Passing the interview. Nature. 2004;429:112.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mattaini KR, Vander Heiden MG. Cancer. Glycosylation to adapt to stress. Science. 2012;337:925–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Javaux EJ, Knoll AH, Walter MR. Morphological and ecological complexity in early eukaryotic ecosystems. Nature. 2001;412:66–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ranero CR, Morgan JP, McIntosh K, Reichert C. Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America trench. Nature. 2003;425:367–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Traitler H, Coleman B, Hofmann K. Food Industry Design, Technology and Innovation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Mathena J. Success with Microsoft Dynamics CRM 4.0: Implementing Customer Relationship Management. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lo Nigro G, Bruccoleri M, La Commare U. Negotiation Models in Manufacturing E-Marketplaces. In: Perrone G, Bruccoleri M, Renna P, editors. Designing and Evaluating Value Added Services in Manufacturing E-Market Places. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. p. 97–117.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for SMARTT.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Every Ship That Has Carried Humans Into Space Scaled Into One Chart. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/chart-scales-every-ship-has-carried-humans-space/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Attack Warning: ADP Replacement for Warning and Assessment System Still Years Away. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Garza-Meza LE. Photography as a spiritual technique. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Leland J. Loft Life: Music, Stretching and Leftovers. New York Times. 2016;:MB2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	SMARTT
ISSN (print)	0000-0000
Scope