How to format your references using the Smart Water citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Smart Water. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball P (2015) Publishing: The journal that publishes no papers. Nature 526:146

A journal article with 2 authors

Fialko Y, Pearse J (2012) Sombrero uplift above the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body: evidence of a ballooning mid-crustal diapir. Science 338:250–252

A journal article with 3 authors

Yan Z, Cai M, Shen PK (2013) Nanosized tungsten carbide synthesized by a novel route at low temperature for high performance electrocatalysis. Sci Rep 3:1646

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lavé J, Yule D, Sapkota S, et al (2005) Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central Himalayas, Nepal. Science 307:1302–1305

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (1999) Guidelines for Process Safety in Batch Reaction Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Griebel M (2007) Numerical Simulation in Molecular Dynamics: Numerics, Algorithms, Parallelization, Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Rai IA, Perez M (2011) Continent-Based Comparative Study of Internet Attacks. In: Popescu-Zeletin R, Rai IA, Jonas K, Villafiorita A (eds) E-Infrastuctures and E-Services for Developing Countries: Second International ICST Conference, AFRICOM 2010, Cape Town, South Africa, November 25-26, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 31–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Smart Water.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Origin of flowers has been discovered. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/origin-flowers-has-been-discovered/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Space Transportation: Challenges Facing NASA’s Space Launch Initiative. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Culumber JJ (2017) Physician Practice Survival: The Role of Analytics in Shaping the Future. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) Scouting Report. New York Times E5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Fialko and Pearse 2012; Ball 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fialko and Pearse 2012)
Three or more authors: (Lavé et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Smart Water
Abbreviation	Smart Water
ISSN (online)	2198-2619
Scope