How to format your references using the Smart Water citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Smart Water. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman T (2003) High throughput goes 3D. Nature 425:871

A journal article with 2 authors

Keinan A, Clark AG (2012) Recent explosive human population growth has resulted in an excess of rare genetic variants. Science 336:740–743

A journal article with 3 authors

Hsin J-P, Sheth A, Manley JL (2011) RNAP II CTD phosphorylated on threonine-4 is required for histone mRNA 3’ end processing. Science 334:683–686

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hou Y, Du X, Scheiner S, et al (2017) A generic interface to reduce the efficiency-stability-cost gap of perovskite solar cells. Science 358:1192–1197

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yanni SB (2015) Translational ADMET for Drug Therapy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Berkowitz B (2008) Contaminant Geochemistry: Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Quarteroni A, Saleri F, Gervasio P (2014) Numerical differentiation and integration. In: Saleri F, Gervasio P (eds) Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 113–136

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Smart Water.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) Astronomers Spot Closest Star In Orbit Around A Black Hole. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Fusion Energy: Actions Needed to Finalize Cost and Schedule Estimates for U.S. Contributions to an International Experimental Reactor. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gage JD (2009) An inconsistency-based approach for sensing assessment in unknown environments. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kwai I (2017) Protests Over Punishment For Killing Aboriginal Teen. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chapman 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Chapman 2003; Keinan and Clark 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Keinan and Clark 2012)
Three or more authors: (Hou et al. 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Smart Water
Abbreviation	Smart Water
ISSN (online)	2198-2619
Scope