How to format your references using the Smart Materials and Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Smart Materials and Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Powell K 2004 Stars in the making Nature 429 786–7

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Schumacher M A and Funnell B E 2005 Structures of ParB bound to DNA reveal mechanism of partition complex formation Nature 438 516–9

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Preusser F, Radies D and Matter A 2002 A 160,000-year record of dune development and atmospheric circulation in Southern Arabia Science 296 2018–20

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Wang S Q, Song L S, Lakatta E G and Cheng H 2001 Ca2+ signalling between single L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors in heart cells Nature 410 592–6

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Aubrey S B 2010 The Profitable Hobby Farm (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Reddy G V 2016 Recovering Biodiversity in Indian Forests ed K U Karanth, N S Kumar, J Krishnaswamy and K K Karanth (Singapore: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Schmeiser H, Störmer T and Wagner J 2016 Unisex Insurance Pricing: Consumers’ Perception and Market Implications The Geneva Papers: 40 Years at the Cutting Edge of Research in Insurance Economics ed C Courbage (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK) pp 102–38

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Smart Materials and Structures.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J 2017 New Horizons Performs Latest Maneuver On Journey To Distant Solar System Object IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2013 Intermodal Transportation: Results of GAO’s Survey on Air-Rail Connectivity (GAO-13-692SP, August 2013), an E-supplement to GAO-13-691 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Narita D 2008 Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) and climate change mitigation: An analysis of economic optimality and policy making Doctoral dissertation (New York, NY: Columbia University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Giordano M A and Phillips A M 2011 Mayor Hits Nerve in Remarks On Class Sizes and Teachers New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Smart Materials and Structures
Abbreviation	Smart Mater. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0964-1726
ISSN (online)	1361-665X
Scope	Signal Processing Civil and Structural Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics