How to format your references using the Small Business Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small Business Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier, Q. (2003). Clouded vision. Nature, 422(6929), 356–357.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schindler, D. E., & Hilborn, R. (2015). Sustainability. Prediction, precaution, and policy under global change. Science (New York, N.Y.), 347(6225), 953–954.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pyenson, N. D., Irmis, R. B., & Lipps, J. H. (2010). Comment on “Climate, critters, and cetaceans: Cenozoic drivers of the evolution of modern whales.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6001), 178; author reply 178.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Könneke, M., Bernhard, A. E., de la Torre, J. R., Walker, C. B., Waterbury, J. B., & Stahl, D. A. (2005). Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon. Nature, 437(7058), 543–546.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson, D. (2007). TKO Management! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sacco, G. M., & Tzitzikas, Y. (Eds.). (2009). Dynamic Taxonomies and Faceted Search: Theory, Practice, and Experience (Vol. 25). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Basile, R. (2010). Labour Productivity Polarization Across Western European Regions: Threshold Effects Versus Neighbourhood Effects. In F. E. Caroleo & F. Pastore (Eds.), The Labour Market Impact of the EU Enlargement: A New Regional Geography of Europe? (pp. 75–97). Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small Business Economics.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, September 30). Dogs May Be Genetically Programmed To Love Humans. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dogs-genetically-programmed-love-humans/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Telecommunications: Uneven Implementation of Wireless Enhanced 911 Raises Prospect of Piecemeal Availability for Years to Come (No. GAO-04-55). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shakya, M. (2017). Planter Boxes and Rain Gardens for Urban Stormwater Management: Performance of Extended Field Application (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B. (2017, January 15). Bahrain Executes 3 Shiites Convicted in Deadly Bomb Attack on the Police. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schiermeier 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Schiermeier 2003; Schindler and Hilborn 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schindler and Hilborn 2015)
Three or more authors: (Könneke et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small Business Economics
Abbreviation	Small Bus. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0921-898X
ISSN (online)	1573-0913
Scope	General Business, Management and Accounting Economics and Econometrics