How to format your references using the Small Business Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small Business Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Faubert, J. (2013). Professional athletes have extraordinary skills for rapidly learning complex and neutral dynamic visual scenes. Scientific reports, 3, 1154.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hernanz, M., & Sala, G. (2002). A classical nova, V2487 Oph 1998, seen in x-rays before and after its explosion. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5592), 393–395.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moser, D. E., Flowers, R. M., & Hart, R. J. (2001). Birth of the Kaapvaal tectosphere 3.08 billion years ago. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5503), 465–468.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gadjourova, Z., Andreev, Y. G., Tunstall, D. P., & Bruce, P. G. (2001). Ionic conductivity in crystalline polymer electrolytes. Nature, 412(6846), 520–523.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gadd, K. (2011). TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ito, J. (Ed.). (2015). Regenerative Medicine in Otolaryngology. Tokyo: Springer Japan.

A chapter in an edited book

Rummel, R. (2010). GOCE: Gravitational Gradiometry in a Satellite. In W. Freeden, M. Z. Nashed, & T. Sonar (Eds.), Handbook of Geomathematics (pp. 93–103). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small Business Economics.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, January 25). The Wildlife Photographer Of The Year Reveals The People’s Choice Award. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-reveals-the-peoples-choice-award/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Highway Safety: Safety Belt Use Laws Save Lives and Reduce Costs to Society (No. RCED-92-106). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McPeek, S. E. (2017). Religious Rhetoric and the Radio: The Sermons of Rev. Dr. Oswald C.J. Hoffmann, International Lutheran Hour Speaker, 1955-1985 (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2005, March 4). World Briefing | Europe: Azerbaijan: Opposition Urges Protests Over Killing. New York Times, p. A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Faubert 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Faubert 2013; Hernanz and Sala 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hernanz and Sala 2002)
Three or more authors: (Gadjourova et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small Business Economics
Abbreviation	Small Bus. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0921-898X
ISSN (online)	1573-0913
Scope	General Business, Management and Accounting Economics and Econometrics