How to format your references using the Small Business Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small Business Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ainsworth, C. (2015). Agriculture: A new breed of edits. Nature, 528(7580), S15-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hench, L. L., & Polak, J. M. (2002). Third-generation biomedical materials. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5557), 1014–1017.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moon-van der Staay, S. Y., De Wachter, R., & Vaulot, D. (2001). Oceanic 18S rDNA sequences from picoplankton reveal unsuspected eukaryotic diversity. Nature, 409(6820), 607–610.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Chiu, J. C., Kaub, K., Zou, S., Liedo, P., Altamirano-Robles, L., Ingram, D., & Carey, J. R. (2013). Deleterious effect of suboptimal diet on rest-activity cycle in Anastrepha ludens manifests itself with age. Scientific reports, 3, 1773.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hahn, A., Behle, B., Lischewski, D., & Rein, W. (2002). Produktionstechnische Praxis. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Meersman, R., Tari, Z., & Herrero, P. (Eds.). (2007). On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2007: OTM 2007 Workshops: OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, OTM Academy Doctoral Consortium, MONET, OnToContent, ORM, PerSys, PPN, RDDS, SSWS, and SWWS 2007, Vilamoura, Portugal, November 25-30, 2007, Proceedings, Part I (Vol. 4805). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Molenkamp, F. (2006). Effective Stress Formulation of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics. In W. Wu & H.-S. Yu (Eds.), Modern Trends in Geomechanics (pp. 61–75). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small Business Economics.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, May 23). New Campaign Profiles Litterers From Their DNA And Posts Reconstructions Of Their Faces. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/could-you-be-next-face-litter/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Transportation Infrastructure: Department of Transportation Highway and Mass Transit Program Reauthorization Proposals (No. T-RCED-91-26). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brister, M. H. (2008). Attitudes of agriscience teachers, counselors, administrators, and students toward selected agriscience programs in Mississippi (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Card, J. (2017, July 25). Breathtaking Beauty. New York Times, p. TR7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ainsworth 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Ainsworth 2015; Hench and Polak 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hench and Polak 2002)
Three or more authors: (Chiu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small Business Economics
Abbreviation	Small Bus. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0921-898X
ISSN (online)	1573-0913
Scope	General Business, Management and Accounting Economics and Econometrics