How to format your references using the Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dobson JE. Big Brother has evolved. Nature. 2009;458(7241):968.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sabado RL, Bhardwaj N. Cancer immunotherapy: dendritic-cell vaccines on the move. Nature. 2015;519(7543):300-301.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bieber FR, Brenner CH, Lazer D. Human genetics. Finding criminals through DNA of their relatives. Science. 2006;312(5778):1315-1316.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Milne GA, Davis JL, Mitrovica JX, et al. Space-geodetic constraints on glacial isostatic adjustment in Fennoscandia. Science. 2001;291(5512):2381-2385.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sattler K. Thermische Trennverfahren. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Chen Q. Secure Transaction Protocol Analysis: Models and Applications. Vol 5111. (Zhang C, Zhang S, eds.). Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Yengoh GT, Dent D, Olsson L, Tengberg AE, Tucker CJ. Key Issues in the Use of NDVI for Land Degradation Assessment. In: Dent D, Olsson L, Tengberg AE, Tucker CJ III, eds. Use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to Assess Land Degradation at Multiple Scales: Current Status, Future Trends, and Practical Considerations. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Springer International Publishing; 2016:31-35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Solar Fuels: How Planes And Cars Could Be Powered By The Sun. IFLScience. June 24, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Financing: Participating States Benefit Under Toll Facilities Pilot Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mosbacker HL. Control of Electrical Transport Mechanisms at Metal-Zinc Oxide Interfaces by Subsurface Defect Engineering with Remote Plasma Treatment. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Goldstein J. The Pickpocket’s Tale. New York Times. July 18, 2014:MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation
Abbreviation	Sleep Health
ISSN (print)	2352-7218
Scope