How to format your references using the Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Irion R. AAS HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS DIVISION: X-rays Hit the Spot for Astrophysicists. Science. 2000;290(5498):1884-1885.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blackstock JJ, Long JCS. Climate change. The politics of geoengineering. Science. 2010;327(5965):527.

A journal article with 3 authors

Keenan SW, Engel AS, Elsey RM. The alligator gut microbiome and implications for archosaur symbioses. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2877.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang Y, Yu L, Liang JQ, Chen G, Jia S, Nori F. Quantum phases in circuit QED with a superconducting qubit array. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4083.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weinstein S. The Complete Guide to Fundraising Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Hakansson A, Hartung R, eds. Agent and Multi-Agent Systems in Distributed Systems - Digital Economy and E-Commerce. Vol 462. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Wolf E, Beblo M, Ohlert C. Gender and nationality pay gaps in light of organisational theories. In: Beham B, Straub C, Schwalbach J, eds. Managing Diversity in Organizations. Gabler Verlag; 2012:69-94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation.

Blog post

Andrew E. World’s Rarest And Smallest Dolphin Could Be Extinct Within 15 Years. IFLScience. May 26, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/world-s-rarest-and-smallest-dolphin-could-be-extinct-within-15-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Administration of Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1969.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Detoya MS. Canned Food Choices of College Students Using the Nuval ® Nutrient-Profiling System. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barry E. Attacks Revive Russian Concern That Guerrilla Warfare Will Spread. New York Times. March 30, 2010:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation
Abbreviation	Sleep Health
ISSN (print)	2352-7218
Scope