How to format your references using the Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Betsholtz C. Physiology: Double function at the blood-brain barrier. Nature. 2014;509(7501):432-433.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reader JS, Joyce GF. A ribozyme composed of only two different nucleotides. Nature. 2002;420(6917):841-844.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gancarz-Kausch AM, Adank DN, Dietz DM. Prolonged withdrawal following cocaine self-administration increases resistance to punishment in a cocaine binge. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6876.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Guan G, Wu L, Bhagat AA, et al. Spiral microchannel with rectangular and trapezoidal cross-sections for size based particle separation. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1475.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grant G. Ecosystem Services Come to Town. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Lo JJ, Leatham KR, Van Zoest LR, eds. Research Trends in Mathematics Teacher Education. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

El-Salhy M, Hatlebakk JG, Hausken T. Treatment Options Without Medication. In: Hatlebakk JG, Hausken T, eds. Understanding and Controlling the Irritable Bowel. Springer International Publishing; 2015:45-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation.

Blog post

Fang J. Multitasking Alters Your Gray Matter. IFLScience. September 25, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/multitasking-alters-your-gray-matter/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Budget: Analysis of HCFA’s Fiscal Year 1991 ADP Budget Request. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schaper P. Meaning Making: Learning in Whistle Blowing. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Old Wish List: More for Pupils; New List: Keep What We Have. New York Times. January 20, 2002:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation
Abbreviation	Sleep Health
ISSN (print)	2352-7218
Scope