How to format your references using the Kidney International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kidney International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sethmann I. Materials science. Creating flexible calcite fibers with proteins. Science 2013; 339: 1281–1282.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. MacLeod DA, Morse AP. Visualizing the uncertainty in the relationship between seasonal average climate and malaria risk. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4: 7264.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schrater PR, Knill DC, Simoncelli EP. Perceiving visual expansion without optic flow. Nature 2001; 410: 816–819.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Chen MS, Huber AB, van der Haar ME et al. Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for monoclonal antibody IN-1. Nature 2000; 403: 434–439.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Robertson B, Vignaux GA, Berger CEH. Interpreting Evidence. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Mrak M, Grgic M, Kunt M eds. High-Quality Visual Experience: Creation, Processing and Interactivity of High-Resolution and High-Dimensional Video Signals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Saraiva MG. Brazil’s Rise and Its Soft Power Strategy in South America. In: Gardini GL, Almeida MHT de, eds. Foreign Policy Responses to the Rise of Brazil: Balancing Power in Emerging States. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016, pp.46–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kidney International.

Blog post

1. Davis J. New “Hog-Nosed” Rat Discovered In Indonesia. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Selected Agencies’ Use of Commercial Off-the-Shelf Software for Human Resources Functions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bao J. Design enhancements in repetitive and interative learning control. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. McKINLEY JC Jr, Southall A, Baker AL. Bronx Killing Leaves Only the Police in the Dark. New York Times. December 15, 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Kidney International
Abbreviation	Kidney Int.
ISSN (print)	0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
Scope	Nephrology

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