How to format your references using the Sleep and Breathing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep and Breathing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vunjak-Novakovic G (2015) Cardiac biology: A protein for healing infarcted hearts. Nature 525:461–462

A journal article with 2 authors

Osborn TJ, Briffa KR (2006) The spatial extent of 20th-century warmth in the context of the past 1200 years. Science 311:841–844

A journal article with 3 authors

Nakagaki T, Yamada H, Tóth A (2000) Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism. Nature 407:470

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Huang X, Zhao Y, Ao Z, Wang G (2014) Micelle-template synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous graphene as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrogen production. Sci Rep 4:7557

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Armaroli N, Balzani V, Serpone N (2013) Powering Planet Earth. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Lee SJ, Kim Y, Phillips R (2015) Community Well-Being and Community Development: Conceptions and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Jörntell H (2016) Synergy Control in Subcortical Circuitry: Insights from Neurophysiology. In: Bianchi M, Moscatelli A (eds) Human and Robot Hands: Sensorimotor Synergies to Bridge the Gap Between Neuroscience and Robotics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 61–68

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep and Breathing.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Santorini Eruption: New Theory Says ‘Pyroclastic Flows’ Caused Devastating Bronze Age Tsunamis. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) International Space Station: U.S. Life-Cycle Funding Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cashion AT (2010) Exploring Dielectric Absorption: Data Collection System Development. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2007) The Week; LIPA Ponders Fate of Wind Farm as Costs Rise. New York Times 14LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep and Breathing
Abbreviation	Sleep Breath.
ISSN (print)	1520-9512
ISSN (online)	1522-1709
Scope	Clinical Neurology Otorhinolaryngology