How to format your references using the Sleep and Breathing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep and Breathing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lackner KS (2003) Climate change. A guide to CO2 sequestration. Science 300:1677–1678

A journal article with 2 authors

Flint J, Munafò M (2014) Schizophrenia: genesis of a complex disease. Nature 511:412–413

A journal article with 3 authors

McElwain JC, Wade-Murphy J, Hesselbo SP (2005) Changes in carbon dioxide during an oceanic anoxic event linked to intrusion into Gondwana coals. Nature 435:479–482

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Modis Y, Ogata S, Clements D, Harrison SC (2004) Structure of the dengue virus envelope protein after membrane fusion. Nature 427:313–319

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Will H (2011) »Sei naiv und mach’ ein Experiment«: Feodor Lynen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Mazerolle L (2014) Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Policing. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Tubaro P, Casilli AA, Sarabi Y (2014) Three Approaches to Privacy: As Penetration, Regulation, and Negotiation. In: Casilli AA, Sarabi Y (eds) Against the Hypothesis of the End of Privacy: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Social Media. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 23–27

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep and Breathing.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2014) How To Make A Rocket That Can Shoot 700 Metres Using Sugar And Kitty Litter. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program: Actions Needed to Address Weaknesses in Administration and Oversight. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Serranilla M (2012) Env7p localizes to the vacuole membrane and plays a role in vacuolar protein processing. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) Gallery of Horrors. New York Times BR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep and Breathing
Abbreviation	Sleep Breath.
ISSN (print)	1520-9512
ISSN (online)	1522-1709
Scope	Clinical Neurology Otorhinolaryngology